Les fonctions sociales des cours magistraux à l'université, en France

À l époque d internet, de la littéracie en ligne, des relations faciles sur le plan documentaire et international, comment peut s expliquer, en Occident, en Europe et particulièrement en France, l existence et la survivance d une pratique didactique aussi ancienne que le cours magistral ?On peut penser qu au-delà de sa fonction première qui est de transmettre du savoir, il a d autres fonctions et d autres utilités, qui en justifient l existence, à côté des autres formes sociales de transmission du savoir, souvent plus commodes et ouvertes. Quelles sont-elles ? Le CM serait finalement un grand inconnu, avec des dimensions explicites connues mais aussi implicites à découvrir, à savoir un canal de la transmission des savoir-penser, un réservoir des valeurs éthiques et morales et enfin une source de repères en vue d établir un modèle de société.Reste, entre autres, une dernière question sur le plan didactique : Comment préparer ou aider les étudiants à accéder à cette part sociale du CM ? C est à éclaircir ces questions que s attache cette recherche, par l étude détaillée de trois CM de disciplines diverses, à savoir la Psychologie de l adolescence, la Macroéconomie et le Droit civil, enregistrés à l UJM de St Etienne, transcrits et soumis à une macro puis micro-analyse du discours.In this era of Internet, of online literacy, of easy linkage via documentation globally, how can we explain an interesting phenomenon in the West, in Europe continent and especially in France, the existence and the persistence of a didactic practice as old as the lecture? We propose that beyond its primary function, which is to transmit knowledge, it has other functions and other utilities. These functions and utilities justify its existence, alongside with other social forms of transmission of knowledge which are often more convenient and open. So what are those functions and utilities? Although the lectures (CM cours magistral) as a whole would still be a great unknown, there are some known but implicit aspects waiting to be discovered, namely a channel of transmission of knowledge and way of thinking, a reservoir of ethical-moral values and finally a source of benchmarks for a model of society.Among other important questions, there is a particular interesting and useful question on the sociodidactic plan: how to prepare or to help students access this social aspect of the lectures?The objective of this research is to clarify the above issues, by the method of detailed study of three lectures from various disciplines, which are Psychology of adolescence, Macroeconomy and Civil Law, recorded at University of Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne. These lectures are then transcribed and subjected to macro-analysis and after that also micro-analysis of speech.ST ETIENNE-Bib. électronique (422189901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Molecular Histopathology and Cytopathology in Cardiovascular Diseases

In this chapter, we describe the most deadly heart diseases, including the fourth parts: Anatomy of the heart, chronic coronary syndrome and acute coronary syndrome and STEMI, Cardiomyopathy, and Pulmonary embolism. The written structure of a component includes Abstract, Pathophysiology, Clinical diagnostic criteria, histopathology, and cytopathology. The content is summarized based on the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology. All images in this chapter are data at our center. In the chapter, we will see the relationship between histopathology and cytopathology and pathophysiology, which will serve as a basis for us to have more studies in the future

How Digital Natives Learn and Thrive in the Digital Age: Evidence from an Emerging Economy

As a generation of ‘digital natives,’ secondary students who were born from 2002 to 2010 have various approaches to acquiring digital knowledge. Digital literacy and resilience are crucial for them to navigate the digital world as much as the real world; however, these remain under-researched subjects, especially in developing countries. In Vietnam, the education system has put considerable effort into teaching students these skills to promote quality education as part of the United Nations-defined Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4). This issue has proven especially salient amid the COVID−19 pandemic lockdowns, which had obliged most schools to switch to online forms of teaching. This study, which utilizes a dataset of 1061 Vietnamese students taken from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s “Digital Kids Asia Pacific (DKAP)” project, employs Bayesian statistics to explore the relationship between the students’ background and their digital abilities. Results show that economic status and parents’ level of education are positively correlated with digital literacy. Students from urban schools have only a slightly higher level of digital literacy than their rural counterparts, suggesting that school location may not be a defining explanatory element in the variation of digital literacy and resilience among Vietnamese students. Students’ digital literacy and, especially resilience, also have associations with their gender. Moreover, as students are digitally literate, they are more likely to be digitally resilient. Following SDG4, i.e., Quality Education, it is advisable for schools, and especially parents, to seriously invest in creating a safe, educational environment to enhance digital literacy among students

Preliminary explanations of serendipity based on non-linear information process

After employing the mindsponge mechanism and 3D information process of creativity to explain the serendipity process in previous chapters, we realize that it may be helpful to delve into the relations between serendipity and the formulation of new values and information connections through non-linear processes. Thus, this chapter summarizes some preliminary attempts to use non-linear information processes to explain serendipity. We also briefly mention the benefits of information exchange among members of social groups and explain this approach

Revisiting the floppy-eared-rabbit serendipity circumstance

To validate the new theory of serendipity that we have presented, the case of “floppy-eared-rabbit” with Dr. Lewis Thomas and Dr. Aaron Kellner was used as an example. We go through each important stage in the story and explain the events in terms of serendipity’s conditionality, survival motives, and information process. The characteristics of serendipity gain and loss phenomena are also interpreted in a similar manner

Policy Response, Social Media and Science Journalism for the Sustainability of the Public Health System Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Vietnam Lessons

Vietnam, with a geographical proximity and a high volume of trade with China, was the first country to record an outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. While the country was expected to have a high risk of transmission, as of April 4, 2020—in comparison to attempts to contain the disease around the world—responses from Vietnam are being seen as prompt and effective in protecting the interests of its citizens, with 239 confirmed cases and no fatalities. This study analyzes the situation in terms of Vietnam’s policy response, social media and science journalism. A self-made web crawl engine was used to scan and collect official media news related to COVID-19 between the beginning of January and April 4, yielding a comprehensive dataset of 14,952 news items. The findings shed light on how Vietnam—despite being under-resourced—has demonstrated political readiness to combat the emerging pandemic since the earliest days. Timely communication on any developments of the outbreak from the government and the media, combined with up-to-date research on the new virus by the Vietnamese science community, have altogether provided reliable sources of information. By emphasizing the need for immediate and genuine cooperation between government, civil society and private individuals, the case study offers valuable lessons for other nations concerning not only the concurrent fight against the COVID-19 pandemic but also the overall responses to a public health crisis

Deployment and validation of an AI system for detecting abnormal chest radiographs in clinical settings

BackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a mechanism for deploying and validating an AI-based system for detecting abnormalities on chest X-ray scans at the Phu Tho General Hospital, Vietnam. We aim to investigate the performance of the system in real-world clinical settings and compare its effectiveness to the in-lab performance.MethodThe AI system was directly integrated into the Hospital's Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) after being trained on a fixed annotated dataset from other sources. The system's performance was prospectively measured by matching and comparing the AI results with the radiology reports of 6,285 chest X-ray examinations extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS) over the last 2 months of 2020. The normal/abnormal status of a radiology report was determined by a set of rules and served as the ground truth.ResultsOur system achieves an F1 score—the harmonic average of the recall and the precision—of 0.653 (95% CI 0.635, 0.671) for detecting any abnormalities on chest X-rays. This corresponds to an accuracy of 79.6%, a sensitivity of 68.6%, and a specificity of 83.9%.ConclusionsComputer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for chest radiographs using artificial intelligence (AI) have recently shown great potential as a second opinion for radiologists. However, the performances of such systems were mostly evaluated on a fixed dataset in a retrospective manner and, thus, far from the real performances in clinical practice. Despite a significant drop from the in-lab performance, our result establishes a reasonable level of confidence in applying such a system in real-life situations