Morfološki opis kompozitnih slojeva

The initial stages of growth of thin metal films, in two-dimensions (discontinuous metal films on dielectric substrates) and in three-dimensions (plasma-chemically prepared composite films), are studied by a combination of direct measurement and modelling. For the analysis of photographs of films from the transmission electron microscope and the description of spatial distribution of objects, various methods of mathematical morphology were used. The interpretation of the derived characteristics and the extension of the analysis for composite films were performed by the computer experiment. As a result, morphological methods sensitive for the characterisation of distribution of objects in the third dimension were found.Izravna mjerenja i modeliranje primjenjuju se za proučavanje početnih stadija rasta tankih metalnih slojeva u dvije dimenzije (nespojene nakupine na dielektričnim podlogama) i u tri dimenzije (plazma - kemijski načinjeni kompozitni slojevi). Razne se metode matematičke morfologije upotrebljavaju za analize snimaka iz transmisijskih elektronskih mikroskopa i za opis čestica raspodijeljenih u prostoru. Primjenom računala razvijene su morfološke metode koje su osjetljive za raspodjelu objekata i u trećoj dimenziji

Situation of Policies Accessing Basic Social Services in Ethnic Minirity Area in Lai Chau Province

Lai Chau is a border province, which is a large beneficiary of social security policies compared to others in Vietnam. There are 20 ethnic groups living together, including four ethnic groups with very few people (Gong, Mang, La Hu, Si La) and ethnic minorities account for over 85% population. Besides that, their life has been facing many difficulties such as harsh natural conditions, rugged terrain, underdeveloped socio-economic conditions. It can be admitted that the poverty rate is high, and the implementation of the ethnic minority policy is limited. Moreover, the situation of free migration and the activities of criminals in ethnic minority areas, especially the Hmong ethnic minority areas are still complicated...For these reasons, the implementation of support policies for accessing basic social services(BSS) on health, education, housing, clean water have received attention, direction, and active implementation from Party committees and local authorities at all levels. Hence, many ethnic minority households can have opportunities to access these BSS, even though the implementation process has certain limitations

The Relationship between Political Institutional Factors and Internal Audit Effectiveness in Vietnamese Enterprises

Using qualitative research methods, we have clarified the content of internal audits and the effectiveness of internal audits. A literature review has shown that the Political Institutions factor has not received much research attention in Vietnam. That's why we identified the gap and conducted this research. Data collected from interviews with 20 experts working in the field of accounting and auditing were analyzed using King's (2004) format and Cresswell's (2003) analysis process. The analysis results have shown that the Political Institutions factor, and its measurement factors are regulatory capacity, political stability, legal effectiveness, police accountability, and corruption control impact on internal audit effectiveness. Next, the study conducted a survey with 80 employees working in the field of accounting and auditing. This is a research step to ensure transparency in determining influencing factors. The results of this survey are consistent with the direct interview method. This means that the effectiveness of internal audits is affected by political and institutional factors

Intergenerational transmission in health: Causal estimates from fixed effects instrumental variables models for two cohorts of Australian children

This paper contributes to an emerging body of literature on intergenerational transmission in health by presenting the first causal estimates on the impact of maternal mental health on child health. The potential endogeneity of maternal mental health is dealt with by utilising nationally representative panel data from two cohorts and individual fixed effects instrumental variables models. While previous literature has found evidence supporting detrimental effects of poor maternal mental health on child health our results found no evidence to support this. Our results hold irrespective of whether we look at the contemporaneous or intertemporal effects. We also found little differential impact based on the gender or age of the child and the levels of maternal education or household income. These results demonstrate that failing to account for endogeneity of maternal mental health could over-estimate the harmful impact of poor maternal mental health on child health. Our findings are robust to a battery of sensitivity and specification tests

Intergenerational transmission in health: Causal estimates from fixed effects instrumental variables models for two cohorts of Australian children

This paper contributes to an emerging body of literature on intergenerational transmission in health by presenting the first causal estimates on the impact of maternal mental health on child health. The potential endogeneity of maternal mental health is dealt with by utilising nationally representative panel data from two cohorts and individual fixed effects instrumental variables models. While previous literature has found evidence supporting detrimental effects of poor maternal mental health on child health our results found no evidence to support this. Our results hold irrespective of whether we look at the contemporaneous or intertemporal effects. We also found little differential impact based on the gender or age of the child and the levels of maternal education or household income. These results demonstrate that failing to account for endogeneity of maternal mental health could over-estimate the harmful impact of poor maternal mental health on child health. Our findings are robust to a battery of sensitivity and specification tests

The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: New insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition

This paper documents the patterns and examines the factors contributing to a gender gap in educational achievements in early seventh grade of schooling using a recent and nationally representative panel of Australian children. Regression results indicate that females excel at non-numeracy subjects at later grades whereas males outperform females in numeracy in all grades, whether at the mean or along the distribution of the test score. Our results also reveal a widening gender test score gap in numeracy as students advance their schooling. Regression and decomposition results also highlight the importance of controlling for pre-school cognitive skills in examining the gender test score gap

Parental health and children’s cognitive and non-cognitive development: New evidence from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian Children

This paper examines the effects of maternal and paternal health on cognitive and non-cognitive development in Australian children. The underlying nationally representative panel data and a child fixed effects estimator are used to overcome most of the previous cross-sectional study limitation in dealing with unobserved heterogeneity. While previous literature has found evidence supporting the adverse impact of poor parental health on child development our results found little evidence to support this. We also found little differential effect based on the gender of the child, the parent, or household income levels. However, we found a small amount of evidence suggesting that poor parental health may worsen some cognitive and non-cognitive skills of young children only. Our results demonstrate that either failing to account for parent-child fixed effects or using child non-cognitive skills reported by parents could over-estimate the harmful impact of poor parental health on child development

The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: New insights from Australia using unconditional quantile regression and decomposition

This paper documents the patterns and examines the factors contributing to a gender gap in educational achievements in early seventh grade of schooling using a recent and nationally representative panel of Australian children. Regression results indicate that females excel at non-numeracy subjects at later grades whereas males outperform females in numeracy in all grades, whether at the mean or along the distribution of the test score. Our results also reveal a widening gender test score gap in numeracy as students advance their schooling. Regression and decomposition results also highlight the importance of controlling for pre-school cognitive skills in examining the gender test score gap