Perspectives of Librarians on Quality Assurance Measures for Admission of Students in Distance Education Programme in Nigeria

The quality assurance measures for admission of students into Distance Education (DE) programs in Nigeria were evaluated in this study. The study employed a descriptive survey design, with a total population of Librarians and learners in distance learning centers in Southeast in Nigeria, of which 206 librarians were used in the study. The librarians and learners were chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire. Three professionals independently validated the instrument. The questionnaire\u27s reliability index was 0.97. The data was analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and analysis of variance. The findings revealed that quality is highly assured for students admitted to DE programs (X = 2.87, SD = 0.49). In South East Nigeria, significant variations in the mean assessments of students and librarians on how quality is ensured in the admission of students to DE programs were discovered. It was suggested that prospective students be provided greater opportunities to enroll in distant education programs in order to minimize illiteracy among the population

Thermal damage and excision time of micro and super pulsed diode lasers: A comparative ex vivo analysis

Abstract Objectives The primary aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate thermal damage and cutting efficiency of micro and super pulsed diode lasers. The secondary aim was to suggest a guideline to perform simple surgical excisions adequate for histopathological evaluation. Material and Methods Ten groups of 10 specimens of pig tongues were excised using a blade (G1), a micro pulsed (G2–G9), and a super pulsed diode (G10) lasers. Different output power, pulse duration, pulse interval, and duty cycle were tested. Quantitative measures of thermal damage and excision times were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. Results The control group (G1) presented no thermal damage. Within the laser groups (G2–G10), no statistically significant differences in depth of thermal damage (µm) were noted. G3 showed significantly less area of thermal damage (mm2) when compared with G7 and G9 (p < .05). The median excision time of the control group and super pulsed diode laser group were significantly lower (p < .001) than the micro pulsed diode laser groups. Conclusions The cutting efficiency of the super pulsed diode laser is comparable to traditional blade, and with appropriate parameters, these lasers can produce predictable surgical outcomes with less collateral damage