Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus according to age-specific tertile of cardiorespiratory fitness level or weight status

<p>Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.</p><p>*P for trend was calculated by assigning ordinal numbers 1 to 3 to tertile category of estimated VO_2max and treating this variable as continuous.</p>†<p>Median (range).</p>‡<p>Adjusted for age, baseline year (2003, 2004, or 2005), smoking status (non-smoker or current smoker consuming 1 to 10, 11 to 20, or ≥21 cigarettes per day), alcohol consumption (non-drinker or drinker consuming <1 unit, 1 to <2 units, or ≥2 units of alcohol per day, 1 unit of alcohol corresponds to 1 go of Japanese sake which approximately contains 23 g of ethanol), sleep duration (<7, 7 to <9, or ≥9 hours per day), hypertension (presence or absence), and family history of diabetes (presence or absence).</p>§<p>Adjusted for factors in model 1 plus BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <23, 23 to <25, ≥25 kg/m²) for fitness, or age-specific tertile category of fitness for BMI.</p

Baseline characteristics of men with and without incident type 2 diabetes mellitus during follow-up.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>*P value was calculated by t-test for continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables.</p>†<p>Consuming ≥2 units of alcohol per day, 1 unit of alcohol corresponds to 1 go of Japanese sake which approximately contains 23 g of ethanol.</p

Joint associations of weight status and cardiorespiratory fitness with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.</p><p>*P value between fit and unfit in each category of BMI.</p>†<p>Adjusted for age, baseline year (2003, 2004, or 2005), smoking status (non-smoker or current smoker consuming 1 to 10, 11 to 20, or ≥21 cigarettes per day), alcohol consumption (non-drinker or drinker consuming <1 unit, 1 to <2 units, or ≥2 units per day, 1 unit of alcohol corresponds to 1 go of Japanese sake which approximately contains 23 g of ethanol), sleep duration (<7, 7 to <9, or ≥9 hours per day), hypertension (presence or absence), and family history of diabetes (presence or absence).</p

Factor loading matrix for the major fatty acid patterns identified by principal component analysis.

<p>Factor loading matrix for the major fatty acid patterns identified by principal component analysis.</p

The odds ratio (OR) of impaired glucose metabolism (n = 119) according to tertile categories of each fatty acid intake (% energy).

1<p>Adjusted for age (y) and sex.</p>2<p>Adjusted for age (y) sex, BMI (kg/m²), shiftwork (yes or no), leisure time physical activity (0, 1<–<3, 3–<10, ≥10 Mets-h/w), work-related physical activity (<3, 3–<7, 7–<20, ≥20 Mets-h/w), smoking status (never and past, current and <20 cigarette/d, or current and ≥20 cigarette/d), alcohol consumption (nondrinker and 1–3 d/m, <23 g ethanol/d, 23–<46 g ethanol/d, or ≥46 g ethanol/d), hypertension (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), parental history of diabetes (yes, no or unknown), log transformed total energy intake (kcal/d), and protein intake (% energy).</p>3<p>Based on multiple linear regression analysis, assigning ordinal numbers 0−2 to tertile categories of each fatty acid intake.</p

The odds ratio (OR) of impaired glucose metabolism (n = 119) according to tertile categories of fatty acid pattern score.

1<p>Adjusted for age (y) and sex.</p>2<p>Adjusted for age (y) sex, BMI (kg/m²), shiftwork (yes or no), leisure time physical activity (0, 1<–<3, 3–<10, ≥10 Mets-h/w), work-related physical activity (<3, 3–<7, 7–<20, ≥20 Mets-h/w), smoking status (never and past, current and <20 cigarette/d, or current and ≥20 cigarette/d), alcohol consumption (nondrinker and 1–3 d/m, <23 g ethanol/d, 23–<46 g ethanol/d, or ≥46 g ethanol/d), hypertension (yes or no), hyperlipidemia (yes or no), parental history of diabetes (yes, no or unknown), log transformed total energy intake (kcal/d), and protein intake (% energy).</p>3<p>Number of cases of tertile 1 to tertile 3 was 27, 35, and 57 for factor 1, 40, 45, and 34 for factor 2, and 44, 35, and 40 for factor 3, respectively.</p>4<p>Based on multiple linear regression analysis, assigning ordinal numbers 0−2 to tertile categories of each fatty acid intake.</p>5<p>Number of cases of tertile 1 to tertile 3 was 17, 18, and 26 for factor 1, 16, 27, and 18 for factor 2, and 24, 15, and 22 for factor 3, respectively.</p>6<p>Number of cases of tertile 1 to tertile 3 was 10, 16, and 32 for factor 1, 25, 17, and 16 for factor 2, and 20, 20, and 18 for factor 3, respectively.</p

Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval of diabetes according to overtime work hours stratified by participant characteristics.

<p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; Ref, reference.</p><p>*<i>P</i> for trend obtained from multiple logistic regression analysis by assigning 23, 62, 90, and 100 to categories of overtime work.</p>†<p>Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, company, smoking status (never, past, or current), and BMI (kg/m², continuous) in 4 companies (n = 41,081).</p>‡<p>48 women in 1 company were excluded in this analysis due to no diabetic patients.</p>§<p>Adjusted for age (continuous), sex, company, smoking status (never, past, or current), BMI (kg/m², continuous), alcohol use (non-drinker, drinker consuming >0 to <23 g, 23 to <46 g, or ≥46 g of ethanol per day), sleep duration (<6 hours, 6 to <7 hours, or ≥7 hours per day), physical activity (<150 min or ≥150 min per week), family history of diabetes (yes or no), shift work (yes or no), department (field work or non-field work), and job position (high or low) in 1 company (n = 33,807).</p

Subject characteristics according to overtime work hours.

<p>Data are adjusted for age and sex, and presented as mean ± standard error unless otherwise specified.</p><p>*P for trend was obtained from linear regression for continuous variables, or from logistic regression for categorical variables. by assigning 23, 62, 90, and 100 to categories of overtime work.</p>†<p>n = 33,807 in one company.</p>‡<p>Defined as ≥150 min per week.</p

Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval of diabetes^* according to overtime work hours.

<p>Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference.</p><p>*Defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/l), HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol), or current use of anti-diabetic drug.</p>†<p><i>P</i> for quadratic trend obtained from multiple logistic regression analysis by assigning 23, 62, 90, and 100 to categories of overtime work.</p>‡<p>Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous), sex, and company in 4 companies (n = 40,861).</p>§<p>Model 2 adjusted for factors in model 1 and smoking status (never, past, or current) in 4 companies (n = 40,861).</p>||<p>Model 3 adjusted for factors in model 2 and body mass index (kg/m², continuous) in 4 companies (n = 40,861).</p>¶<p>Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous) and sex in 1 company (n = 33,807).</p><p>**Model 2 adjusted for factors in model 1 plus smoking status (never, past, or current), body mass index (kg/m², continuous), alcohol use (non-drinker, drinker consuming >0 to <23 g, 23 to <46 g, or ≥46 g of ethanol per day), family history of diabetes (yes or no), shift work (yes or no), department (field work or non-field work), and job position (high or low) in 1 company (n = 33,807).</p>††<p>Model 3 adjusted for factors in model 2 and sleep duration (<6 hours, 6 to <7 hours, or ≥7 hours per day) in 1 company (n = 33,807).</p>‡‡<p>Model 4 adjusted for factors in model 3 and leisure time physical activity (<150 min or ≥150 min per week) in 1 company (n = 33,807).</p