Programme, health system and household costs, unit costs and cost-effectiveness ($2012).

<p>Programme, health system and household costs, unit costs and cost-effectiveness ($2012).</p

Sensitivity analysis.

a./b<p>The LLIH were manufactured specifically for this project. For possible transferability of findings the base case values should therefore be considered point estimates for a variable with potential high variability. Base case estimates were halved, doubled, and tripled.</p>c<p>Indirect costs of malaria to household (from Morel <i>et al</i>. 2008) were calculated from the estimated productivity loss to the patient’s household due to illness. As productivity is a function of weather and other factors, it may vary considerably from year to year.</p>d<p>Evidence on severity of cases in the base case was drawn from years when extremely few severe episodes were detected, which may represent an exception rather than the norm. Higher levels were used in the sensitivity analysis to represent slightly higher (2%), the estimate used in Morel <i>et al</i>. 2008 based on a large passive case detection study⁴⁷, and much higher (10%) estimates.</p>e<p>The base case assumes LLIH protect patients at random, independently of their age. However, episodes averted through use of LLIH may be age dependent ⁴⁷ given that age groups may stay in the forest for different amounts of time and undertake activities which expose them to varying degrees to the malaria vector. The sensitivity analysis tests for an age-effect in either direction, protection largely in adults and largely in children.</p>f<p>At the time of study, the VHW programme was just getting underway. Over time it could be expected that more malaria patients will come to understand that the VHW is trained to test for and treat malaria. This may increase the treatment seeking activity at the village level.</p>g<p>Prior to trial commencement the understanding was that LLIH life span would be between 3 and 5 years; however researchers considered at the end of the trial that it might in fact be closer to 2 years (the actual life span could not be measured given that the effectiveness trial lasted 2 years only).</p>h<p>As per common practice.</p

Apparent prevalence figures of <i>P. falciparum</i> (exact binomial 95% CI) for the different diagnostic tests by survey.

<p>ELISA = Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction; S1 = survey 1; S2 = survey 2.</p

Prior information (uniform distributions) based on expert opinion.

<p>ELISA = Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction.</p><p>**for Vietnam. Peru Iquitos and Peru Jaen only.</p

Estimated prevalence and diagnostic tests' sensitivity and specificity by survey.

<p>CI = credibility interval; Se = sensitivity; Sp = specificity; ELISA = Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction; S1 = survey 1; S2 = survey 2.</p

Maximum number of estimable parameters, number of parameters to be estimated in the absence and presence of conditional independence as a function of the number of tests per subject.

<p>Maximum number of estimable parameters, number of parameters to be estimated in the absence and presence of conditional independence as a function of the number of tests per subject.</p

Number of individuals according to the results of 2 or 3 diagnostic tests by survey.

<p>0 = negative test result. 1 = positive test result; number = number of individuals for each result category; S1 = survey 1; S2 = survey 2.</p