Les murs de façade des maisons du quartier Bui Thi Xuan à Hanoi : relations entre les organisations constructives, formelles et spatiales et les modes d'appropriation de la façade

L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre les relations entre les organisations constructives, formelles et spatiales et les modes d'appropriation de la façade des maisons dans un quartier résidentiel à Hanoi, au Vietnam. Elle présente les analyses et les caractéristiques des murs de la façade des maisons du point de vue morphologique et de l'appropriation des espaces. La recherche comporte quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre présente d’abord une introduction générale de la ville de Hanoi et du quartier Bui Thi Xuan. Ce chapitre présente également la pertinence de l’étude des murs de façade des maisons du quartier Bui Thi Xuan, ainsi que les modes d’appropriation de la façade. Le deuxième et le troisième chapitre présentent le cadre conceptuel, théorique et méthodologique de la recherche. Ces chapitres contiennent les notions de mur et de façade, la structure du mur de façade, les modes d’appropriation de la façade et de ses espaces, et la méthodologie de recherche. Le quatrième chapitre fait état des résultats de la recherche, décrivant et interprétant les caractéristiques de la façade des maisons et les relations entre les organisations constructives, formelles et spatiales et les modes d’appropriation de la façade du quartier Bui Thi Xuan. La recherche permet de comprendre les caractéristiques principales de la façade des points de vue constructif, formel et spatial et de montrer l’influence de ces organisations sur les modes d’appropriation de la façade par le contrôle que les habitants ont sur les espaces, à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur, d'un bâtiment et les usages de ces espaces. Ce mémoire décrit également la relation entre les fonctions des espaces intérieurs et les organisations spatiales et formelles de la façade de maisons dans le quartier Bui Thi Xuan.The researching purpose of the thesis is to understand relationships between structure, form, space organization and ways of using the housing's façade in the quarter Bui Thi Xuan, Hanoi. The thesis will make analysis and describe main characters of the housing's façade from the angle of morphology and space use. Researching contents include 4 chapters. Chapter I will state an overview on the situation of Hanoi and Bui Thi Xuan ward, as well as the necessity of the research on the wall of housing's facades in the quarter Bui Thi Xuan and ways of using the housing's façade. Chapters II and III will indicate scientific bases and methodologies of the research in the thesis. These two chapters will focus on clarifying basic concepts of the housing wall, housing's façade as well as its structure, ways of using the façade and researching methodologies. Chapter IV will mention researching results of the thesis by describing and explaining main characters of the housing's façade, the relationship among structure, forms, space organization and ways of using the housing's façade in the quarter Bui Thi Xuan. The thesis will make contributions to clarifying main characters of the architecture of the façade from the angles of structure, form and space as well as indicate the influence of the façade's architecture on ways of using the façade by managing and controlling the indoor and outdoor space of local residents. Finally, this thesis also describes the relation between the functions of interior spaces and the form-space organization of housing's façade in the quarter Bui Thi Xuan

Testing for Food market integration: A study of the Vietnamese paddy market

With its increasing integration into the world economy, agricultural exports and rural incomes in Vietnam have increased substantially in recent years. At the sub-national level, however, there are concerns that not all regions and categories of agricultural producers have and will benefit from the ongoing liberalization of agricultural markets. Vietnam's elongated geography and lack of spatial market integration pose special problems in this regard. Accordingly, this study aims to answer three interrelated questions: (a) whether there is spatial integration between paddy markets in the North and South of Vietnam; (b) whether there is spatial integration in paddy markets within the North and within the South; and, (c) if within-region integration is stronger and faster than between-region integration. The empirical model we develop to answer these questions, uses estimates of transfer costs to generalize the well known model of spatial market integration due to Ravallion to allow for the possibility of threshold effects. A sequential testing strategy is developed which progressively tests for market segmentation, the number of thresholds, long-run market integration, common dynamics/informational efficiency, and (a strict version of) the 'Law' of One Price within an error-correction framework. When the unrestricted version of this model is estimated using monthly paddy prices for eight markets between 1993 and 2006, we find weak evidence of market integration between paddy markets in the North and South of Vietnam with an absence of threshold effects. However, there is evidence of both threshold effects and stronger forms of spatial market integration for paddy markets within the North and within the South, with at least 60% percent of price changes being transmitted between markets within one month whenever price spreads exceeds their upper or lower thresholds. The extent and speed of price transmission within regional paddy markets is generally faster in the South than the North of Vietnam. However, the instantaneous version of the 'Law' of One Price, which requires full price adjustment to occur within a month, only holds for a few regimes and market pairs. Three main policy implications flow from these results. First, since there is limited evidence of integration between paddy markets in the North and South of Vietnam, national level policies cannot be relied upon to stabilize or support paddy prices.Second, since there is evidence of spatial market integration within the Red River and Mekong River deltas, paddy markets within these regions can be relied upon to transmit price signals between deficit and surplus areas relatively well. Third, since the speed and extent of price transmission is relatively rapid within the North and within the South of Vietnam, the private sector trade can be relied upon to transfer rice and paddy between markets in an efficient manner. Problems might, however, emerge if large demand-supply imbalances were to emerge between the North and South, as transfer costs would prevent private sector trade taking place. In these circumstances, the public sector might need to intervene, in a consistent and market friendly way, to ensure adequate food supplies in the short-term.Market integration; Paddy market; Error-correction; Spatial integration; Vietnam

A Back Propagation Neural Network Model with the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique for Construction Company Bankruptcy Prediction

Improving model accuracy is one of the most frequently addressed issues in bankruptcy prediction. Several previous studies employed artificial neural networks (ANNs) to improve the accuracy at which construction company bankruptcy can be predicted. However, most of these studies use the sample-matching technique and all of the available company quarters or company years in the dataset, resulting in sample selection biases and between-class imbalances. This study integrates a back propagation neural network (BPNN) with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and the use of all of the available company-year samples during the sample period to improve the accuracy at which bankruptcy in construction companies can be predicted. In addition to eliminating sample selection biases during the sample matching and between-class imbalance, these methods also achieve the high accuracy rates. Furthermore, the approach used in this study shows optimal over-sampling times, neurons of the hidden layer, and learning rate, all of which are major parameters in the BPNN and SMOTE-BPNN models. The traditional BPNN model is provided as a benchmark for evaluating the predictive abilities of the SMOTE-BPNN model. The empirical results of this paper show that the SMOTE-BPNN model outperforms the traditional BPNN

Epidemiology of Leprosy in Vietnam and the Effectiveness of Multidrug Therapy (MDT) in the Management of the Disease

Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by the acid-fast, rod-shaped bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy can be considered connected diseases that primarily affect the superficial tissues, especially the skin and peripheral nerves. The social and psychological effects of leprosy, as well as its highly visible debilities and sequelae, have resulted in a historical stigma associated with leprosy. Vietnam has seen a highly significant decrease in the prevalence rate (PR) of leprosy since 1983. From 1983 onwards, with the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT), the prevalence of the disease has dropped to less than one case per 10,000 individuals from 1995. After over two decades, a total of 109 cases were registered with a prevalence rate of 0.01 per 10,000 population in 2017. It is clear that over the past 35 years, the profile of leprosy in Vietnam has been changed significantly followed by the treatment with MDT. Leprosy has become a rare disease in Vietnam. This chapter presents the trend in the epidemiology of leprosy in Vietnam from 1983 to 2018 and also mentions the effectiveness of multidrug therapy (MDT) in the management of this disease. Based on individual records and annual reports, the prevalence of registered cases, the number of new cases detected yearly, their sex, age, classification (MB, multibacillary; PB, paucibacillary) and disability status are carefully presented

Organisational Baseline Study: Overview report for Tra Hat CSV, Vietnam (VN03)

This report covers the Organisational Baseline Study (OBS) for the CCAFS Climate-Smart Village Tra Hat in the South Viet Nam. During October 2014 interviews were conducted with local stakeholders at ten organisations who are working or collaborating with farmers and/or the community in Vinh Loi district, Bac Lieu province. The Tra Hat CSV is located near the coastal area, at tail end of a primary canal of Quan Lo Phung Hiep system (QLPH), the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, it usually causes lack of fresh water in from QLPH in dry season. There are two distinct dry season (December to April) and rainy season (May to November) which typhoon happens seldom in rainy season. Protected by dyke and sluice system of QLPH in Bac Lieu province, Tra Hat has not been affected by saline intrusion for last 15 years. The main farming systems in the village comprise two or three rice crops per year, small livestock as pig, chicken and ducks. Besides, mixed fruit garden and cash crop are often blended in residential area. Ground water and water in ponds is popular in household to provide domestic water, raising fish or garden irrigation and livestock, especially in dry season. The objectives of the OBS study are to: Provide indicators to monitor changes in behaviours and practices of locally relevant organisations that have climate change related activities in Bac Lieu over time Understand the provision of information/services at the local level that informs farmers’ decision making about their livelihood strategies in response to climate change This OBS report also supplements to the quantitative Household Baseline Survey (HBS) and the qualitative Village Baseline Studies (VBS) in Tra Hat CSV and surrounding villages

UHPLC-UV method validation for simultaneous quantification of vitexin and isovitexin from Santalum album L. leaves

Santalum album L. is a precious medicinal herb with high economic value and has been extensively cultivated in Vietnam in recent years. Studies have revealed that the leaves contain two main active ingredients vitexin and isovitexin, which have demonstrated significant potential in treating diabetes, cancer, and inflammation. To contribute to the standardization of the title medicinal herb and its formula, a simple, fast precise and selective method for the simultaneous quantification of vitexin and isovitexin using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) has been developed and validated. The quantification procedure was performed on a Hypersil GOLD aQ Column (3 μm; 150 × 2.1 mm) at 35°C, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and and water with 0.1% formic acid (B), a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, a detection wavelength of 336 nm, and an injection volume of 3 µL. The gradient program was set to 0.0-15.0 minutes, transitioning from 5% to 35% A, and 15.0-20.0 minutes, transitioning from 35% to 5% A. Validation of the quantification procedure, following ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines, demonstrated that the method achieved specificity, accuracy, precision, and linearity, with a high correlation between the peak area and the concentrations of vitexin and isovitexin (R2 values of 0.9998, respectively). Thus, the developed method can be utilized to determine the content of vitexin and isovitexin in Santalum album L. leaves, contributing to the standardization of medicinal herbs

DIESEL OIL UTILIZING-BIOSURACTANT PRODUCING BACTERIAL ISOLATE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED BIOSURFACTANTS TOWARD BIOREMEDIATION APPLICATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart