Valuation of financial products for weather risk management

Paper presented at Strathmore International Math Research Conference on July 23 - 27, 2012 Abstract onlyWe are interested in pricing rainfall options written on precipitation at specific locations. We assume the existence of a tradeable financial instrument in the market whose price process is affected by the quantity of rainfall. We then construct a suitable 'Markovian gamma' model for the rainfall process which accounts for the seasonal change of precipitation and show how maximum likelihood estimators can be obtained for its parameters. We derive optimal strategies for exponential utility from terminal wealth and determine the utility indifference price of the claim. The method is illustrated with actual measured data on rainfall from a location in Kenya and spot prices of Kenyan electricity companies.We are interested in pricing rainfall options written on precipitation at specific locations. We assume the existence of a tradeable financial instrument in the market whose price process is affected by the quantity of rainfall. We then construct a suitable 'Markovian gamma' model for the rainfall process which accounts for the seasonal change of precipitation and show how maximum likelihood estimators can be obtained for its parameters. We derive optimal strategies for exponential utility from terminal wealth and determine the utility indifference price of the claim. The method is illustrated with actual measured data on rainfall from a location in Kenya and spot prices of Kenyan electricity companies

Upaya pedagang kaki lima dalam mengatasi terpaan berita penyebaran Covid-19 di televisi

In a covid-19 pandemic situation like this, television media as information presenters, make social contributions by reporting to discussing social realities regarding the latest developments regarding the spread of the covid-19virus that is currently happening. In this case, news on television is the daily intake of the community, including the street vendors. Many media continued to launch and report the news to street vendors, who could not follow the government's directives to stay at home, because of the demands of work and the daily economy. However, the effect of news exposure is felt by street vendors and has its impact on them, so efforts are needed to overcome the exposure to the covid-19 news. This study aims to determine how the community's efforts to deal with exposure to covid-19 news on television. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method, using the theory of individual differences. The results of the research obtained from this research are street vendors in Cikedokan village, who are often exposed to news about covid-19 on television every day with a high frequency of broadcasts (often), so an effort to overcome exposure to the news is to limit yourself to watching. the latest news about covid-19 that is broadcast, besides that, street vendors are more selective in choosing good news for consumption so that it does not affect their attitudes and work in their day to day and do not forget to also obey government directions and ask more people. understand a situation like this pandemic

Analysis of Price Volatility and Implications for Price Stabilization Policies in Mozambique

High food price instability is one of the major risks facing agricultural households from developing countries. Resulting from agronomic factors as well as the historically low levels of world grain stocks and climate change, increased food price volatility has attracted renewed interest among policy experts in identifying appropriate policy instruments to counter its effects. This paper applies the GARCH model to data from twelve maize markets in Mozambique to estimate price seasonality and volatility. The results reveal the presence of seasonality, and high volatility. There is scope for improving price stability through the use of both market and non-market based price stabilization interventions that encourage investments in market infrastructure such as roads, warehouses and a market information system; institutions such as warehouse receipt system, credit and insurance; maintaining a strategic reserve and reduced tariffs and food-for-work programmes. Key words: Price volatility, Maize, GARCH, Mozambiqu

Komunikasi Interpersonal Ibu dan Anak dalam Pembentukan Karakter Beribadah Anak

Ibu sebagai madrasah pertama bagi anak adalah sosok yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pembentukan karakter anak guna membentuk pribadi anak yang taat kepada agama, upaya seorang ibu tidak hanya memberikan nasihat kepada anak tentang makna beribadah tetapi juga memberi contoh sehingga anak bisa melaksanakan ibadah dengan keinginannya sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola komunikasi antara ibu dan anak dalam pembentukan beribadah, hambatan apa saja yang dilalui dan solusi ibu dalam membentuk karakter beribadah anak. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu metode kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini pola komunikasi yang dilakukan ibu dan anak adalah Pola Model Stimulus-Respons yakni ibu menyuruh anaknya menggunakan kata-kata kemudian memberikan contoh pada anaknya setelah itu anaknya memberikan respon dengan mengerjakan ibadah (shalat dan mengaji). Dalam hal tersebut, ibu mengalami kesulitan untuk membentuk karakter beribadah anak khususnya dalam mengerjakan shalat dan mengaji, kesulitan atau hambatan yang dihadapi adalah 1) Anak masih butuh dibantu dan dibimbing; 2) Anak terkadang malas karena sedang melakukan kegiatan masing-masing, contohnya seperti bermain dengan temannya, bermain handphone, menonton televisi, mengerjakan tugas sekolah dan tidur karena mengantuk. Untuk itu ibu memiliki solusi dalam membentuk karakter beribadah anaknya dengan cara memberikan pengertian pentingnya beribadah, menyuruh, mengajak dan mencontohkan kepada anak untuk mengerjakan ibadah bersama

Influence of Microfinance Training Content on Women’s Acquisition of Financial Skills: A Case of Women’s Self-Help Groups in Kiambu County, Kenya

Microfinance institutions have had their fair share of challenges, especially the ability of the women entrepreneurs to manage loans secured from the institutions. Thus, the study intended to examine the effectiveness of microfinance training content on women’s acquisition of financial skills in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was guided by Pearson’s Theory of Gender Relations, The Endogenous Growth and Knowledge-Based Theories. It adopted mixed methods approach and thus applied exploratory research design. The target population comprised of 8 Credit Officers, 25 staff members, 1900 women in SHGs, 700 spouses and 100 Key Informants (Training Officers) all totaling to 2733. Using the Central Limit Theorem to obtain a sample of MFIs, that is, 25.0% of 8 MFIs and 295 respondents, that is, 10.9% of 2708, were selected. Purposive sampling was used to select two Credit Officers and 20 key informants (Training Officers). 190 women in SHGs and 83 spouses were selected using simple random sampling. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from women in SHGs and their spouses, interview schedules for women in SHGs, Credit Officers and spouses whereas questionnaires were used to gather information from Training Officers. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically along the study objectives and presented in narrative forms while the quantitative data was analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS 23) and were presented using tables and charts. The study established that microfinance training content influence women’s acquisition of financial skills. Thus, the study recommends that training materials should be specifically designed to suit the content of training programmes in order to enhance faster understanding of concepts to be learnt

Gender Dynamics Determining Men and Women’s involvement in Community Conflicts through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms in Kapsokwony, Kenya

This article outlines the gender dynamics that determine men and women’s involvement in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms in Kapsokwony, Bungoma County. It highlights that while ADR mechanisms are normally considered participatory and inclusive in Kenya, the reality however is that they remain male dominated. The study was based on a mixed research method whose methodology involved research survey, interview, and Focus Group Discussions. Findings from studies carried out across the global confirm that men continue to have upper hand over women with regards to participation in conflict resolution using ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) mechanisms for number of reasons. The situation was found not different in the context of Kapsokwony, a sub-county of Bungoma County in Kenya. This study discussed the multidimensional factors that continue to contribute to men upper hand over women in resolving conflict through ADR mechanisms. Keywords: Gender equality, Participation, Exclusion, Alternative Dispute Resolution, conflict Resolution DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-21-05 Publication date: November 30th 2020