Evaluation of Genetic Diversity in Chlorophytum borivilianum (Santp. and Fernan.) Using Molecular Markers: An Endangered Medicinal Plant

Chlorophytum borivilianum is a traditional medicinal plant distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. In the present investigation, RAPD and ISSR analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity among 21 accessions collected from different geographical regions of India using 20 RAPD primers and 6 ISSR primers. RAPD and ISSR primers revealed 92.26% and 82.76% polymorphism, respectively. Similarity in coefficient values ranged from 0.321 to 0.707 for RAPD and 0.363 to 0.846 for ISSR markers. The dendrogram developed by RAPD and ISSR marker‐based analysis grouped the 21 accessions into different clusters. Mantel test employed for detection of goodness of fit established the cophenetic correlation value for both the primer systems and it was observed to be significant. Clustering of accessions within groups was also similar based on RAPD‐ and ISSR‐derived dendrograms. In our study, both marker systems were similar except for the percentage polymorphism which was found to be greater using RAPD, thus indicating the greater effectiveness of RAPD primers for estimating genetic variation of C. borivilianum

Identification and characterization of polymorphic genic SSR markers between cultivated (Oryza sativa) and Indian wild rice (Oryza nivara)

299-310In the present study, we developed a set of 100 BC2F4 mapping lines derived from the cross between the Oryza nivara (AC100476) and high yielding indica rice, Lalat. Out of 410 RM markers used for polymorphism survey between the parental lines, we identified around 113 (28.9%) polymorphic rice microsatellite (RM) markers between the parental lines that were uniformly distributed among the 12 chromosomes except for few gaps on chromosome 1, 7 and 10. On the basis of motif length, the trinucleotide repeats-motif, (TTA)n was the longest with a maximum motif length of 177 nucleotides. Among the repeat motifs, di-nucleotide repeat-motifs was the most abundant (68.14%) with the motifs (AC/GT)n were the most abundant accounting 56.32% of the total dinucleotide repeat-motifs. Out of the 113 polymorphic RM markers, 56 (49.55%) were found to be genic markers and broadly distributed into three groups such as molecular, biological and cellular categories with 38%, 32% and 30% frequencies, respectively. The present finding would be useful for the identification and mapping of drought related traits and development of drought tolerant rice cultivars in rice breeding program

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Not AvailableThe rise of the most appealing genome editing technology i.e. CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein) had stimulated researchers to exploit it for its wide implementation in several eukaryotic organisms along with crop plants. The technology has proven to be highly efficient, economical, easy to use and efficient in precise genome editing. Rice being a primary food crop worldwide has a lot of scope for improvement in terms of its productivity, quality and resistance to environmental stress. The various abiotic and biotic stresses pose a potential threat and are constantly diminishing rice yields globally. After rice genome sequencing, the researchers were engaged in decoding and reading genomes and since then there has been considerable advancement in the improvement of this crop. Moreover, the recent development in different CRISPR/Cas systems has widened its applicability in crops and the research community is very keen on rescripting and editing genomes for a better change. This chapter entails the strategies and protocols for CRISPR mediated genome editing in rice, refined CRISPR systems, recent development and progress of this technology in rice system, all aspects of transgenic development and complications associated with it and its future scope in the improvement of rice crop.Not Availabl

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