Validating foundry technologies for extended mission profiles

This paper presents a process qualification and characterization strategy that can extend the foundry process reliability potential to meet specific automotive mission profile requirements. In this case study, data and analyses are provided that lead to sufficient confidence for pushing the allowed mission profile envelope of a process towards more aggressive (automotive) applications.\ud \u

Direct microfabrication of oxide patterns by local electrodeposition of precisely positioned electrolyte: the case of Cu<font size=-1>₂</font>O

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Respiratory distress in a newborn

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Electrical bending actuation of gold-films with nanotextured surfaces

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The development of turbulent pipe flow

Whilst turbulence still remains one of the great mysteries of classical physics, its reputation for a chaotic lack of structure is under intense scrutiny. Research now points to the existence of highly organized large-scale structures within turbulent flows. Much of this research have almost exclusively been carried out within a so called fully-developed region of flow. This region is downstream of a point beyond which the flow field’s behavior is invariant. However, it has not been conclusively proven that a fully developed region actually exists. A literature survey found that most facilities are cited as being ‘sufficiently long’, yet no formal definition or documentary evidence of the fully developed condition is widely accepted. The aim of the study is to produce a detailed analysis of the flow from the uniform inlet conditions through to the fully-developed turbulent state, along with an accurate definition of what constitutes fully developed flow. This investigation concerns the affect of both the growth of large-scale structures and their role in the evolution of the flow to the fully-developed condition. With the increasing acceptance of the turbulent large-scale structures model, previous research has not yet shown how large-scale structures affect this development length. These aims were achieved by the design, development and deployment of a carriage to transport hot-wires within the pipe allowing measurements at any stream wise point within the working sectio

Assessment of orthopedic treatment of class III malocclusion Using P.A.R. index

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Regulation of spatial distribution of BMP ligands for pattern formation

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-ss (TGF-ss) family, have been shown to contribute to embryogenesis and organogenesis during animal development. Relevant studies provide support for the following concepts: (a) BMP signals are evolutionarily highly conserved as a genetic toolkit; (b) spatiotemporal distributions of BMP signals are precisely controlled at the post-translational level; and (c) the BMP signaling network has been co-opted to adapt to diversified animal development. These concepts originated from the historical findings of the Spemann-Mangold organizer and the subsequent studies about how this organizer functions at the molecular level. In this Commentary, we focus on two topics. First, we review how the BMP morphogen gradient is formed to sustain larval wing imaginal disc and early embryo growth and patterning in Drosophila. Second, we discuss how BMP signal is tightly controlled in a context-dependent manner, and how the signal and tissue dynamics are coupled to facilitate complex tissue structure formation. Finally, we argue how these concepts might be developed in the future for further understanding the significance of BMP signaling in animal development.Peer reviewe

Kruppel-like factor 4 suppresses neuroblastoma growth by promoting smooth-muscle differentiation

Poster Board Number: 2105Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic tumor and possesses a unique propensity to exhibit either a spontaneous regression or an unrestrained growth. Growing evidence suggests that NB comprises heterogeneous populations of improperly differentiated neural crest cells and a small subset of NB cells behaves as stem cells. Commitment of NB stem cells to the fibromuscular lineage may give a favorable outcome, while to the neuronal lineage results in a malignant tumor progression. Kruppel like factor 4 (KLF4) is one of the key reprogramming factors. Intriguingly, it also possesses paradoxical functions in cancers, either as an oncogene or tumor suppressor dependent of cell context. In this study, we elucidated the roles of KLF4 in the lineage determination of NB stem cells and tumor progression. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that loss of KLF4 expression ...published_or_final_versio