Determination of Resistance Cumhuriyet-75 and Selimiye-95 Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties Against to Some Abiotic Stress Factories

In this study, resistance mechanism of two wheat genotypes against salt, heavy metal, lime and drought (50%) treatments were investigated in summer Cumhuriyet-75 and winter Selimiye-95. According to results chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid level increased in FeCl3, drought and 225 mM NaCl in Cumhuriyet-75 but they were higher at NaCl, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 treatments in Selimiye-95 comparison to control. While H2O2 content rose all stres treatments in both varieties but Malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in Selimiye with all applications. The amount of proline is lower in Cumhuiyet-75 but higher in Selimiye-95. Total soluble protein was found higher at salt concentartion and drought in both varieties. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Süperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in salt and FeCl3 in Selimiye-95 but SOD ativity were higher at salt treatments in Cumhuriyet-75. And also in both varieties APX and Guaiacol peroxidase (GuPX) increased at FeCl3 but Catalase (CAT) were higher in only FeCl3 in Cumhuriyet-75. As a result Selimiye-95 showed tolerance to salt and FeCl3 with high photosynthetic pigment, proline and soluble protein content with lower MDA but it is sensitive to NiCl2 and drought. Whereas Cumhuriyet-75 cultivar is resistan to drought, FeCl3 and 225 mM NaCl depended on pigment, protein content and APX, CAT, GuPX and SOD activities. When all the data are taken into consideration, it was concluded that the responses of the varieties to the treatments changed according to the type and concentration of stress, and Selimiye-95 variety was tolerant compared to Cumhuriyet-75 variety

Age-Related Changes of Some Chemical Components in the Leaves of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.)

Background and Purpose: This study presents the analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, total amino acids, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the leaf samples collected from oriental beech trees, which are naturally spread in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, with differing ages, enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Material and Methods: The research was carried out on oriental beech trees (Fagus orientalis L.) of different ages located at 1300 m high elevation in Ahlat Village of Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Oriental beech trees of different ages (≥25, ≥50, ≥100, ≥200 and ≥600 years-old) constituted the material of this study. In leaf samples taken from trees of different ages, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), proline, total soluble protein, total amino acid, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, the amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, MDA, H2O2 concentration, enzyme activities of APX, CAT and SOD, as well as the relationship between the total content of C, N and H elements and the tree ages were studied. Results: As a result of the research conducted, significant differences were determined in terms of chlorophyll, total phenolic compound, flavonoid, glucose, amounts of sucrose, nitrogenous compounds, proline, total soluble protein, MDA, H2O2 concentrations, and the activities of APX, CAT and SOD in the leaves of oriental beech trees with differing ages. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found to be in the youngest age group of ≥25 years. Total chlorophyll is low in young trees and high in middle-aged, old and very old trees. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the MDA and H2O2 concentrations in the trees did not vary depending on the age of trees only, but also on the genotype, environmental conditions and metabolic activities. It was concluded that the fact that the total chlorophyll, phenolic compounds and sucrose content in oriental beech trees are high and that MDA content is low could have an influence on the long life of ≥600 years-old oriental beech trees. Conclusions: The activity of photosynthesis is related to leaf characteristics more than the age of trees

Bazı asma (Vitis vinifera L.) çeşitleri üzerinde düşük sıcaklıkların büyüme ve gelişme üzerine etkileri

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde ticari olarak yetiştirilen 12 asma çeşidinde (Burdur Dimriti, Pembe Gemre, Siyah Gemre, Razakı, Kozak beyazı, Hatun Parmağı, Mevlana, Ata Sarısı, Uslu, Yalova İncisi, Sultani Çekirdeksiz ve Trakya İlk Eren) etkin büyüme döneminde, +5 ºCʼta 12 saat tutularak bitkilere düşük sıcaklık uygulanmıştır. Stres uygulaması sonrasında asma çeşitlerinde; fotosentetik verim (Fv/Fm), RWC (bağıl su içeriği), paraquat toleransı, fotosentetik pigment içerikleri ile prolin miktarı ve toplam çözünür protein miktarı ve değişimleri gibi parametreler araştırılmıştır. Bu analizlerinden elde edilen bulgular, üşüme stresine tolerans kriterleriyle karşılaştırılarak, asma bitkisinde düşük sıcaklık stresine tolerans mekanizmasının anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmak hedeflenmiştir. +5 ºCʼta 12 saat düşük sıcaklık uygulamasının asma çeşitlerinden Siyah Gemre, Mevlana ve Yalova İncisiʼnde etkili olduğu ve fotosentetik verimi (Fv/Fm oranı) önemli oranda azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Bitki materyalimiz olan 12 farklı asma çeşidinde bağıl su içeriklerinde, düşük sıcaklık uygulamasının önemli etki oluşturmadığı ve asma çeşitlerinde su dengesinin korunabildiği belirlenmiştir. Farklı asma çeşitleri arasında paraquat uygulamasından en az etkilenen çeşitlerin Burdur Dimriti, Ata Sarısı olduğu ve Uslu, Siyah Gemre, Mevlana, Pembe Gemre, Hatun Parmağı ve Kozak Beyazı çeşitlerinin ise paraquat uygulamasına duyarlı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Düşük sıcaklık uygulamasının fotosentetik pigmentlerin içerikleri üzerinde etkisi, özellikle toplam klorofil ve karotenoid miktarları açısından en fazla Ata Sarısı ve Hatun Parmağı çeşitlerinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Kontrolle karşılaştırıldığında, düşük sıcaklık stresine maruz kalan asma çeşitlerinde prolin miktarının en fazla azaldığı çeşitler Uslu, Sultani, Yalova İncisi ve Hatun Parmağı çeşitleri olarak bulunmuştur. Düşük sıcaklık stresi uygulaması ile çözünür protein miktarında azalmanın en fazla görüldüğü çeşitler ise Yalova İncisi, Trakya İlk Eren ve Uslu olmuştur. Veriler doğrultusunda bu farklı asma çeşitlerinden Burdur Dimriti ve Razakıʼnın düşük sıcaklık stresine en toleranslı çeşitler oldukları belirlenmiştir. İncelediğimiz çeşitler arasında düşük sıcaklık stresine en duyarlı olanlar ise Uslu, Hatun Parmağı, Yalova İncisi Ata Sarısı ve Mevlana çeşitleri olmuştur

Effect of Some Abiotic Stress Factories on Savrun Spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.)

In this study were investigated that resistance to salinity, heavy metals, drought and calcerous stress in Savrun (Spinacea oleracea L.) spinach. For this aim, 5-6 leafed seedlings were exposed to NaCl (75, 150 and 225 mM); heavy metals (Fe, Ni and Zn 0.2 mg/L), drought (50%) and 0.2% CaCO3 applications for four weeks half-weekly which plants grown under controlled conditions. Depends on result chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total cclorophyll, carotenoids, β-caroten and lycopen increased in drought and CaCO3 treatments. Total soluble protein and GuPX activity were found higher in all stress treatments, proline content increased in NiCl2, 75 ve 150 mM NaCl treatments. While APX activity was higher in 75 mM NaCl and ZnCl2; CAT was higher in 150 mM NaCl and others stres treatments except drought. SOD activity were noted higher in drought, CaCO3 and 225 mM NaCl stresses groups. MDA content was lower in all treatments except FeCl3 and, H2O2 were lower in 225 mM NaCl and drought while it was higher in others. As a result, it was found that tolerance of Savrun spinach is higher to CaCO3 and drought but sensitivity of it is higher to 225 mM NaCl, ZnCl2 and FeCl3. Also it was determined that Savrun genotype is moderate tolerance to NiCl2 and 75 Mm NaCl. However parameters of tolerance to stress that treated on spinach seedling showed variability in Savrun spinach

The Effects of Different Storage Conditions on the Radiometric and Element Content of the Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Garlic is very rich plant in terms of carbohydrates, enzymes, sulphurous and phenolic compounds, proteins and vitamins. At the same time, natural and artificial radionuclides and heavy metals can be found in the garlic depending on the structure of the cultivated soil. Garlic, used as medicine in the treatment of most diseases, is also consumed as raw, powder, mash and volatile garlic oil. In this study, the effects of different storage conditions on the element and radionuclide content of the garlic were determined. The results obtained from this study were compared with the limit values of international institutions. As a result, the radionuclide concentrations and element contents of Taşköprü Garlic will not pose any threat to human health even if the garlic is exposed to different storage conditions