12,124 research outputs found
Pseudo-potential treatment of two aligned dipoles under external harmonic confinement
Dipolar Bose and Fermi gases, which are currently being studied extensively
experimentally and theoretically, interact through anisotropic, long-range
potentials. Here, we replace the long-range potential by a zero-range
pseudo-potential that simplifies the theoretical treatment of two dipolar
particles in a harmonic trap. Our zero-range pseudo-potential description
reproduces the energy spectrum of two dipoles interacting through a
shape-dependent potential under external confinement very well, provided that
sufficiently many partial waves are included, and readily leads to a
classification scheme of the energy spectrum in terms of approximate angular
momentum quantum numbers. The results may be directly relevant to the physics
of dipolar gases loaded into optical lattices.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Surveying the solar system by measuring angles and times: from the solar density to the gravitational constant
A surprisingly large amount of information on our solar system can be gained
from simple measurements of the apparent angular diameters of the sun and the
moon. This information includes the average density of the sun, the distance
between earth and moon, the radius of the moon, and the gravitational constant.
In this note it is described how these and other quantities can be obtained by
simple earthbound measurements of angles and times only, without using any
explicit information on distances between celestial bodies. The pedagogical and
historical aspects of these results are also discussed briefly.Comment: 12 pges, one figur
Potentials for which the Radial Schr\"odinger Equation can be solved
In a previous paper, submitted to Journal of Physics A -- we presented an
infinite class of potentials for which the radial Schr\"odinger equation at
zero energy can be solved explicitely. For part of them, the angular momentum
must be zero, but for the other part (also infinite), one can have any angular
momentum. In the present paper, we study a simple subclass (also infinite) of
the whole class for which the solution of the Schr\"odinger equation is simpler
than in the general case. This subclass is obtained by combining another
approach together with the general approach of the previous paper. Once this is
achieved, one can then see that one can in fact combine the two approaches in
full generality, and obtain a much larger class of potentials than the class
found in ref. We mention here that our results are explicit, and when
exhibited, one can check in a straightforward manner their validity
The potential therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and muscle function in cancer
Low muscle mass in individuals with cancer has a profound impact on quality of life and independence and is associated with greater treatment toxicity and poorer prognosis. Exercise interventions are regularly being investigated as a means to ameliorate treatment-related adverse effects, and nutritional/supplementation strategies to augment adaptations to exercise are highly valuable. Creatine (Cr) is a naturally-occurring substance in the human body that plays a critical role in energy provision during muscle contraction. Given the beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on lean body mass, strength, and physical function in a variety of clinical populations, there is therapeutic potential in individuals with cancer at heightened risk for muscle loss. Here, we provide an overview of Cr physiology, summarize the evidence on the use of Cr supplementation in various aging/clinical populations, explore mechanisms of action, and provide perspectives on the potential therapeutic role of Cr in the exercise oncology setting
A Search for Additional Bodies in the GJ 1132 Planetary System from 21 Ground-based Transits and a 100 Hour Spitzer Campaign
We present the results of a search for additional bodies in the GJ 1132
system through two methods: photometric transits and transit timing variations
of the known planet. We collected 21 transit observations of GJ 1132b with the
MEarth-South array since 2015. We obtained 100 near-continuous hours of
observations with the Space Telescope, including two transits of GJ
1132b and spanning 60\% of the orbital phase of the maximum period at which
bodies coplanar with GJ 1132b would pass in front of the star. We exclude
transits of additional Mars-sized bodies, such as a second planet or a moon,
with a confidence of 99.7\%. When we combine the mass estimate of the star
(obtained from its parallax and apparent band magnitude) with the stellar
density inferred from our high-cadence light curve (assuming zero
eccentricity), we measure the stellar radius of GJ 1132 to be
, and we refine the radius measurement of
GJ 1132b to . Combined with HARPS RV measurements, we
determine the density of GJ 1132b to be \ g cm, with the
mass determination dominating this uncertainty. We refine the ephemeris of the
system and find no evidence for transit timing variations, which would be
expected if there was a second planet near an orbital resonance with GJ 1132b.Comment: 29 pages, 4 Tables, 8 Figures, Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcom
Local Projections of Low-Momentum Potentials
Nuclear interactions evolved via renormalization group methods to lower
resolution become increasingly non-local (off-diagonal in coordinate space) as
they are softened. This inhibits both the development of intuition about the
interactions and their use with some methods for solving the quantum many-body
problem. By applying "local projections", a softened interaction can be reduced
to a local effective interaction plus a non-local residual interaction. At the
two-body level, a local projection after similarity renormalization group (SRG)
evolution manifests the elimination of short-range repulsive cores and the flow
toward universal low-momentum interactions. The SRG residual interaction is
found to be relatively weak at low energy, which motivates a perturbative
treatment
Helicobacter pylori and cancer among adults in Uganda
Data from Africa on infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are sparse. Therefore, as part of an epidemiological study of cancer in Uganda, we investigated the prevalence and determinants of antibodies against H. pylori among 854 people with different cancer types and benign tumours. Patients were recruited from hospitals in Kampala, Uganda, interviewed about various demographic and lifestyle factors and tested for antibodies against H. pylori. In all patients combined, excluding those with stomach cancer (which has been associated with H. pylori infection), the prevalence of antibodies was 87% (723/833) overall, but declined with increasing age (p = 0.02) and was lower among people who were HIV seropositive compared to seronegative (p <0.001). Otherwise, there were few consistent epidemiological associations. Among those with stomach cancer, 18/21 (86%) had anti-H. pylori antibodies (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence intervals 0.2–2.9, p = 0.7; estimated using all other patients as controls, with adjustment for age, sex and HIV serostatus). No other cancer site or type was significantly associated with anti-H. pylori antibodies. The prevalence of H. pylori reported here is broadly in accord with results from other developing countries, although the determinants of infection and its' role in the aetiology of gastric cancer in Uganda remain unclear
A study of Feshbach resonances and the unitary limit in a model of strongly correlated nucleons
A model of strongly interacting and correlated hadrons is developed. The
interaction used contains a long range attraction and short range repulsive
hard core. Using this interaction and various limiting situations of it, a
study of the effect of bound states and Feshbach resonances is given. The
limiting situations are a pure square well interaction, a delta-shell potential
and a pure hard core potential. The limit of a pure hard core potential are
compared with results for a spinless Bose and Fermi gas. The limit of many
partial waves for a pure hard core interaction is also considered and result in
expressions involving the hard core volume. This feature arises from a scaling
relation similar to that for hard sphere scattering with diffractive
corrections. The role of underlying isospin symmetries associated with the
strong interaction of protons and neutrons in this two component model is
investigated. Properties are studied with varying proton fraction. An analytic
expression for the Beth Uhlenbeck continuum integral is developed which closely
approximates exact results based on the potential model considered. An analysis
of features associated with a unitary limit is given. In the unitary limit of
very large scattering length, the ratio of effective range to thermal
wavelength appears as a limiting scale. Thermodynamic quantities such as the
entropy and compressibility are also developed. The effective range corrections
to the entropy vary as the cube of this ratio for low temperatures and are
therefore considerably reduced compared to the corrections to the interaction
energy which varies linearly with this ratio. Effective range corrections to
the compressibility are also linear in the ratio.Comment: 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 table
Exactly-solvable coupled-channel potential models of atom-atom magnetic Feshbach resonances from supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Starting from a system of radial Schr\"odinger equations with a vanishing
potential and finite threshold differences between the channels, a coupled exactly-solvable potential model is obtained with the help of a
single non-conservative supersymmetric transformation. The obtained potential
matrix, which subsumes a result obtained in the literature, has a compact
analytical form, as well as its Jost matrix. It depends on
unconstrained parameters and on one upper-bounded parameter, the factorization
energy. A detailed study of the model is done for the case: a
geometrical analysis of the zeros of the Jost-matrix determinant shows that the
model has 0, 1 or 2 bound states, and 0 or 1 resonance; the potential
parameters are explicitly expressed in terms of its bound-state energies, of
its resonance energy and width, or of the open-channel scattering length, which
solves schematic inverse problems. As a first physical application,
exactly-solvable atom-atom interaction potentials are constructed,
for cases where a magnetic Feshbach resonance interplays with a bound or
virtual state close to threshold, which results in a large background
scattering length.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figure
The rotation and Galactic kinematics of mid M dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood
Rotation is a directly-observable stellar property, and drives magnetic field
generation and activity through a magnetic dynamo. Main sequence stars with
masses below approximately 0.35Msun (mid-to-late M dwarfs) are
fully-convective, and are expected to have a different type of dynamo mechanism
than solar-type stars. Measurements of their rotation rates provide insights
into these mechanisms, but few rotation periods are available for these stars
at field ages. Using photometry from the MEarth transit survey, we measure
rotation periods for 387 nearby, mid-to-late M dwarfs in the Northern
hemisphere, finding periods from 0.1 to 140 days. The typical detected rotator
has stable, sinusoidal photometric modulations at a semi-amplitude of 0.5 to
1%. We find no period-amplitude relation for stars below 0.25Msun and an
anti-correlation between period and amplitude for higher-mass M dwarfs. We
highlight the existence of older, slowly-rotating stars without H{\alpha}
emission that nevertheless have strong photometric variability. The Galactic
kinematics of our sample is consistent with the local population of G and K
dwarfs, and rotators have metallicities characteristic of the Solar
Neighborhood. We use the W space velocities and established age-velocity
relations to estimate that stars with P<10 days are on average <2 Gyrs, and
that those with P>70 days are about 5 Gyrs. The period distribution is mass
dependent: as the mass decreases, the slowest rotators at a given mass have
longer periods, and the fastest rotators have shorter periods. We find a lack
of stars with intermediate rotation periods. [Abridged]Comment: Accepted to ApJ. Machine readable tables and additional figures are
available in the published article or on reques
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