7,099 research outputs found
Successful paediatric HIV treatment in rural primary care in Africa
<p>Objective: Clinical outcomes of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a decentralised, nurse/counsellor-led programme.</p>
<p>Design: Clinical cohort.</p>
<p>Setting: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p>
<p>Patients: HIV-infected children aged <= 15 years on ART, June 2004-2008.</p>
<p>Main outcome measures: Survival according to baseline characteristics including age, WHO clinical stage, haemoglobin and CD4%, was assessed in Kaplan-Meier analyses. Hazard ratios for mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression and changes in laboratory parameters and weight-for-age z scores after 6-12 months' treatment were calculated.</p>
<p>Results: 477 HIV-infected children began ART at a median age of 74 months (range 4-180), median CD4 count (CD4%) of 433 cells/mm(3) (17%) and median HIV viral load of log 4.2 copies/ml; 105 (22%) were on treatment for tuberculosis and 317 (76.6%) were WHO stage 3/4. There were significant increases after ART initiation in CD4% (17% vs 22%; p<0.001), haemoglobin (9.9 vs 11.7 g/l; p <= 0.001) and albumin (30 vs 36 g/l; p <= 0.001). 32 (6.7%) children died over 732 child-years of follow-up (43.7 deaths/1000 child-years; 95% CI 32.7 to 58.2), 17 (53.1%) within 90 days of treatment initiation; median age of death was 84 (IQR 10-181) months. Children with baseline haemoglobin <= 8 g/l were more likely to die (adjusted HR 4.5; 95% CI 1.6 to 12.3), as were those aged <18 months compared with >60 months (adjusted HR 3.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 9.1).</p>
<p>Conclusions Good clinical outcomes in HIV-infected children on ART are possible in a rural, decentralised service. Few young children are on ART, highlighting the urgent need to identify HIV-exposed infants.</p>
Hamara Healthy Living Centre - an evaluation
Hamara is a Healthy Living Centre which aims to improve health and well-being through providing a range of culturally appropriate activities and services. Hamara has a vision of 'bringing communities together' and since it was established in 2004, the Centre has provided a valuable community resource in South Leeds. Partnership work between Hamara and Leeds Met goes back to 2002. In 2007, the Centre for Health Promotion Research carried out an evaluation of Hamara in partnership with Hamara staff and Leeds Met Community Partnerships and Volunteering. This was followed by a highly successful community cohesion conference 'One Community' which was held at Hamara on 10th October 2008, and was supported through a Leeds Met public engagement grant. The event attracted over a hundred people from diverse communities and organisations across Leeds. A packed audience heard Hilary Benn, local MP and Patron of Hamara, talk about the importance of working in collaboration around community cohesion. Jane South, Centre for Health Promotion Research, presented the main evaluation results and set out the some challenges for the future. The proceedings concluded with the presentation of awards to a number of for local community champions who work to bring people together and make a real difference in the city of Leeds
Systematic derivation of a rotationally covariant extension of the 2-dimensional Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation
An extension of the Newell-Whitehead-Segel amplitude equation covariant under
abritrary rotations is derived systematically by the renormalization group
method.Comment: 8 pages, to appear in Phys. Rev. Letters, March 18, 199
Finite time collapse of N classical fields described by coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations
We prove the finite-time collapse of a system of N classical fields, which
are described by N coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. We derive the
conditions under which all of the fields experiences this finite-time collapse.
Finally, for two-dimensional systems, we derive constraints on the number of
particles associated with each field that are necessary to prevent collapse.Comment: v2: corrected typo on equation
Derivation of Amplitude Equations by Renormalization Group Method
A proper formulation in the perturbative renormalization group method is
presented to deduce amplitude equations. The formulation makes it possible not
only avoiding a serious difficulty in the previous reduction to amplitude
equations by eliminating all of the secular terms but also consistent
derivation of higher-order correction to amplitude equations.Comment: 6 page, revte
Renormalization Group Method and Reductive Perturbation Method
It is shown that the renormalization group method does not necessarily
eliminate all secular terms in perturbation series to partial differential
equations and a functional subspace of renormalizable secular solutions
corresponds to a choice of scales of independent variables in the reductive
perturbation method.Comment: 5 pages, late
First measurements of the flux integral with the NIST-4 watt balance
In early 2014, construction of a new watt balance, named NIST-4, has started
at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In a watt
balance, the gravitational force of an unknown mass is compensated by an
electromagnetic force produced by a coil in a magnet system. The
electromagnetic force depends on the current in the coil and the magnetic flux
integral. Most watt balances feature an additional calibration mode, referred
to as velocity mode, which allows one to measure the magnetic flux integral to
high precision. In this article we describe first measurements of the flux
integral in the new watt balance. We introduce measurement and data analysis
techniques to assess the quality of the measurements and the adverse effects of
vibrations on the instrument.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Instrum.
Meas. This Journal can be found online at
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=1
Structural phase transitions of vortex matter in an optical lattice
We consider the vortex structure of a rapidly rotating trapped atomic
Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a co-rotating periodic optical
lattice potential. We observe a rich variety of structural phases which reflect
the interplay of the vortex-vortex and vortex-lattice interactions. The lattice
structure is very sensitive to the ratio of vortices to pinning sites and we
observe structural phase transitions and domain formation as this ratio is
varied.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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