Therapy-relevant factors in adult ADHD from a cognitive behavioural perspective

Adult individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been suffering from this neurobiological and highly heritable disorder chronically since childhood. Resulting from their longstanding neuropsychological impairments, such as attentional problems, emotional instability, and disinhibition, they are familiar to a multiplicity of negative life outcomes and underachievement. Furthermore, a large part of this population suffers from psychiatric comorbidity. This accumulation of negative experiences has an impact on therapy-relevant factors such as the individual's self-esteem, self-efficacy, development of core beliefs/schemas, and coping strategies. Based on negative beliefs about the self, individuals confronted with difficult situations develop maladaptive coping strategies, for instance avoidance and procrastination. These strategies lead to maintenance and reinforcement of maladaptive beliefs, and as such they acquit themselves as schema-confirming. Captured in this vicious cycle, the individual sees her negative view of the self confirmed. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate these interactive factors that influence the aforementioned cycle in order to emphasize the cognitive behavioural interventions tailored to those factors on the basis of latest research. Furthermore, the authors want to attract notice to the resources people with ADHD are said to have, namely creativity and resilience. These postulated resources could be therapy-relevant by creating positive beliefs about the self, hence improving coping skills and breaking the vicious circle of negative appraisal. Taking into account personal resources and their fostering may be an important fundament for the treatment plan of adult ADHD. Information on the current state of research and theoretical approaches concerning the below-mentioned key words was gathered through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PSYNDEXplus, and PubMed database

Nurse Driven Early Mobility in the Intensive Care Unit: Mobility Protocol and a Designated Mobility Champion

Decreased mobility in hospitalized patients can lead to various health consequences, including increased morbidity and mortality. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), patients are not mobilized as frequently or as often as possible. Barriers to mobilization include limited resources such as time and staffing, perceived risk, and insufficient training in safe patient handling. This quality improvement initiative aimed to increase out-of-bed mobility in ICU patients, address activity orders at interdisciplinary rounds, and trial a designated mobility champion. The America Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Early Progressive Mobility (EPM) protocol and Bedside Mobility Assessment Tool (BMAT) were adopted and used to discuss patients’ mobility during interdisciplinary rounds. During these rounds, a mobility champion who received additional training from physical therapy in safe patient handling attended these rounds. The mobility champion then coordinated with nursing staff and other care team members throughout the day to mobilize patients. Increased numbers of patients with COVID-19 did not fit the eligibility criteria during the implementation period, and increased mobility was not seen. However, the ICU team members felt the interventions, especially the use of a mobility champion, were beneficial and decided to extend the new practice for continuing review. The mobility champion is now utilized on all inpatient units. All inpatient units have seen an increase in patients mobilized. Nurse-driven early mobility tools are safe and feasible and give nurses greater autonomy in planning mobility interventions. The use of a dedicated mobility champion compliments these tools and helps reduce barriers to early mobilization.https://scholar.rochesterregional.org/nursingresearchday/1019/thumbnail.jp

The Independent, Vol. 11, No. 35, October 22, 1970

The Independent was a student run newspaper created in 1960 at Newark State College, now Kean University. The proceeding title was The Reflector. The editor of this issue was Ed Naha.https://digitalcommons.kean.edu/independent_1970-1974/1018/thumbnail.jp

The Independent, Vol. 5, No. 22, April 15, 1965

The Independent was a student run newspaper created in 1960 at Newark State College, now Kean University. The proceeding title was The Reflector. The editor of this issue was Paul J. Minarchenko.https://digitalcommons.kean.edu/independent_1965-1969/1010/thumbnail.jp