АФРИКАНСЬКА ЧУМА СВИНЕЙ: СЕЗОН 2015 РОКУ

In publishing the analysis of the epizootic situation in the world on the African swine fever in 2015. The authors concluded that since 2007, when Georgia began his path virus African swine fever (ASF), it has been eight years, but convincing results in the fight with him not won. The virus has spread to the territory of the Russian Federation and other countries of the Caucasus region (Armenia, Nagorno–Karabakh, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Azeybardzhan) infected wild boars and domestic pigs. Particularly tense situation arose in the Russian Federation (RF), which during this period outbreaks observed in 37 regions of the European part and the total number of foci reached 771. Moreover, by 2011 in the area formed the first endemic ASF area «South» and in 2012–2013 – the second endemic zone «North». The question of unification of these areas into a single «West of Russia». These areas consistently been infected domestic pigs or wild boars migrated patients in Ukraine (2012), Belarus (2013), Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia (2014).It is believed that a significant contribution to the spread of African swine fever and other diseases belongs to wild boar. Noticed that mainly thanks to these animals ASF virus is spreading at a speed of about 300 km per year. Also contributing factors is a violation of veterinary–sanitary conditions for keeping and feeding pigs, rules, transportation and trade in animals and their products.Considering that an effective vaccine against ASF has not been developed, there is a need to find effective measures that can stop the epizootic in terms of appearance endemic areas.The objective of could organize retrospective data ASF in 2015, to identify patterns and trends spread of the disease in order to find an effective impact on epizootic.For the analysis of the epizootic situation in ASF used methods of retrospective analysis, statistics OIE, information–analytical of the center "Rosselhoznadzor», ProMED, epizootic results of investigations carried out by employees SSRILDVSE. Diagnostic tests of samples of pathological material of pigs from Ukraine’s farms performed by polymerase chain reaction.Comparative purpose authors first examined the progress of African swine fever in 2014 and found that the outbreak of the disease occurred in Côte d'Ivoire, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Chad, and Estonia.A similar situation occurred in 2015: ASF outbreaks were reported on two continents: Europe (6 countries) and Africa (6 countries). At identical amount of outbreaks of ASF at both continents still main events unfolding in Europe because the number of outbreaks on its territory was 1774, whereas in Africa – a total of 15.Analyzing the data of Europe, points out that the most of ASF outbreaks diagnosed in Latvia (741), Estonia (677) and Lithuania (147), and much less – in Poland (83) Russia (83) and Ukraine (43).The number of ASF outbreaks in different country was very different between outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boars: a smaller number of ASF outbreaks detected among domestic pigs in Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, but in Russia and Ukraine this indicator has been the opposite.The authors propose to distinguish stationary (typical for domestic pigs) and active (typical for wild boars) outbreaks of infection.The authors expressed unfavorable prognosis for ASF in 2016.В публикации проведен анализ эпизоотической ситуации в мире по африканской чуме свиней за 2015 год. Установлено, что вирус АЧС инфицировал свиней на двух континентах: Европе (6 стран), и Африке (6 стран), но напряженность эпизоотического процесса была более высокой в Европе. Эпизоотия характеризовалась разным количеством очагов среди домашних свиней и диких кабанов, что связано с разной степенью биозащиты в свиноводческих хозяйствах.Оценена роль диких кабанов в волнообразном распространении африканской чумы свиней.Авторы предлагают различать стационарные (характерне для домашних свиней) и подвижные (характерне для диких кабанов) очаги инфекции.Учитывая комплекс показателей, авторы сделали неблагоприятный прогноз по АЧС на 2016 год.Проведено аналіз епізоотичної ситуації у світі щодо африканської чуми свиней за 2015 рік. Встановлено, що вірус АЧС уражав свиней на двох континентах: у Європі (6 країн) та Африці (6 країн), але напруженість епізоотичного процесу була вищою у Європі. Епізоотія характеризувалась різною кількістю вогнищ серед домашніх свиней і диких кабанів, що пов’язано з різним ступенем біозахисту у свинарських господарствах.Оцінена роль диких кабанів у хвилеподібному розповсюдженні африканської чуми свиней.Автори пропонують розрізняти стаціонарні (характерні для домашніх свиней) та рухливі (характерні для диких кабанів) вогнища інфекції.Враховуючи комплекс показників, автори зробили несприятливий прогноз щодо АЧС на 2016 рік