Optical Tweezers 3d Photonic Force Spectroscopy

Since optical tweezers trapped microspheres can be used as an ultrasensitive force measurements technique, the knowledge of its theoretical description is of utmost importance. However, even the description of the incident electromagnetic fields under very tight focusing, typical of the optical trap, is not yet a closed problem. Therefore it is important to experimentally obtain whole accurate curves of the force as a function of wavelength, polarization and incident beam 3D position with respect to the center of the microsphere. Theoretical models for optical forces such as the Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, can then be applied to the precisely evaluated experimental results. Using a dual trap in an upright standard optical microscope, one to keep the particle at the equilibrium position and the other to disturb it we have been able to obtain these force curves as a function of x, y and z position, incident beam polarization and also wavelength. Further investigation of optical forces was conducted for wavelengths in and out Mie resonances of the dielectric microspherical cavities for both TM and TE modes.6131Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., Observation of a single-beam gradient force trap for dielectric particles (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, pp. 288-290Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Grier, D.G., A revolution in optical manipulation (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 810-816Neuman, K.C., Block, S., Optical trapping (2004) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75, pp. 2787-2809Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. I. Localized model description of an on-axis tightly focused laser beam with spherical aberration (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2532-2544Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. II. On-axis trapping force (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2545-2554Mazolli, A., Neto, P.A.M., Nussenzveig, H.M., Theory of trapping forces in optical tweezers (2003) Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 459, pp. 3021-3041Fontes, A., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.L., De Thomaz, A.A., Barbosa, L.C., De Paula, A.M., Cesar, C.L., Double optical tweezers for ultrasensitive force spectroscopy in microsphere Mie scattering (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87. , Art. No. 221109Ren, K.F., Gouesbet, G., Gréhan, G., Integral localized approximation in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 4218-4225Lock, J.A., Excitation efficiency of a morphology-dependent resonance by a focused Gaussian beam (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, pp. 2986-2994Davis, L.W., Theory of electromagnetic beams (1979) Phys. Rev. A, 19, pp. 1177-1779Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Radiation pressure forces exerted on a particle arbitrarily located in a gaussian beam by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and associated resonance effects (1994) Opt. Commun., 108, pp. 343-354Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Symmetry relations in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 1812-181

Force Spectroscopy And Two Photon Excited Luminescence In An Optical Tweezers System

Up to now optical spectroscopies have analyzed the scattered light or the heat generated by absorption as a function of the wavelength to get information about the samples. Among the light matter interaction phenomena one that has almost never been used for spectroscopy is the direct photon momenta transfer. Probably because the forces involved are very small, varying from hundreds of femto to tens of pico Newtons. However, the nowadays very popular Optical Tweezers can easily accomplish the task to measure the photon momenta transfer and may be the basis for the Optical Force Spectroscopy. We demonstrate its potential as such a tool by observing more than eight Mie resonance peaks of a single polystyrene microsphere, and showed the capability to selective couple the light to either the TE, TM or both microsphere modes depending of the beam size, the light polarization and the beam positioning. The Mie resonances can change the optical force values by 30-50%. Our results also clearly show how the beam polarization breaks the usually assumed azimuthal symmetry by Optical Tweezers theories. We also obtained the spectrum from the two photon excited luminescence using the Optical Tweezers to hold a single bead suspended and a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser for the non-linear excitation. This spectrum shows the pair of peaks due to both TE and TM spherical cavity modes. We have been able to observe more than 14 Mie resonance peaks in the TPE luminescence. Our results are in good agreement with optical force calculations using Maxwell stress tensor and partial wave decomposition of the incident beam approximated to a 3th order gaussian beam.593017Ashkin, Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., Observation of a single-beam gradient force trap for dielectric particles (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, pp. 288-290Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Grier, D.G., A revolution in optical manipulation (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 810-816Felgner, H., Frank, R., Schliwa, M., Flexural rigidity of microtubules measured with the use of optical tweezers (1996) J. Cell Sci., 109, pp. 509-516Sakata-Sogawa, K., Kurachi, M., Sogawa, K., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Tashiro, H., Direct measurement of DNA molecular length in solution using optical tweezers: Detection of looping due to binding protein interactions (1998) Eur. Biophys. J., 27, pp. 55-61Berg, H.C., Berry, R.M., Absence of a barrier to backwards rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor demonstrated with optical tweezers (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, pp. 14433-14437Huruta, R.R., Mechanical properties of stored red blood cells using optical tweezers (1998) Blood, 92, pp. 2975-2977Brandão, M.M., Optical tweezers for measuring red blood cell elasticity: Application to the study of drug response in sickle cell disease (2003) Eur. J. Haematol., 70, pp. 207-211Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, pp. 1351-1355Barber, P.W., Chang, R.K., (1988) Optical Effects Associated with Small Particles, , Word Scientific, SingaporeVan De Hulst, H.C., (1981) Light Scattering by Small Particles, , Dover, New YorkAshkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Observation of optical of dieletric particles by light-scattering (1981) Appl. Optics, 20, pp. 1803-1814Benner, R.E., Barber, P.W., Owe, J.F., Chang, R.K., Observation of structure resonances in the fluorescence spectra from microspheres (1980) Physical Review Letters, 44, pp. 475-478Leung, C.H., She, T.C., Lee, W.K., Positions of low order morphology dependent resonances determined by elastic light scattering (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12, pp. 1259-1266Schaschek, K., Popp, J., Kiefer, W., Observation of morphology dependent in- And output-resonances in time dependent Raman spectra of optically levitated microdroplets (1993) J. Raman Spectrosc., 24, pp. 69-75Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Observation of resonances in radiation pressure on dieletric particles (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, pp. 1351-1354Bisht, P.B., Fukuda, K., Hirayama, S., Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence study of some dyes in polymer microspheres showing morphology dependent resonances (1996) J. Chem. Phys., 105, pp. 9349-9361Arnold, S., Shift of whispering gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption (2003) Opt. Lett., 28, pp. 272-274Vollmer, F., Multiplexed DNA quantification by spectroscopic shift of two microsphere cavities (2003) Biophys. J., 85, pp. 1974-1979Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Radiation pressure forces exerted on a particle arbitrarily located in a gaussian beam by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and associated resonance effects (1994) Opt. Commun., 108, pp. 343-354Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Symmetry relations in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 1812-1817Bohren, C.F., Huffman, D.R., (1983) Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, , Wiley, New YorkVan De Hulst, H.C., (1981) Light Scattering by Small Particles, , Dover, New YorkDavis, L.W., Theory of electromagnetic beams (1979) Phys. Rev. A, 19, pp. 1177-1779Richards, B., Wolf, E., Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system (1959) Proc. R. Soc. London A, 253, pp. 358-379Ren, K.F., Gouesbet, G., Gréhan, G., Integral localized approximation in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 4218-4225Lock, J.A., Excitation efficiency of a morphology-dependent resonance by a focused Gaussian beam (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, pp. 2986-2994Bateman, J.B., Weneck, E.J., Eshler, D.C., Determination of Particle Size and Concentration from Spectrophotometric Transmission (1959) J. Colloid Sci., 14, pp. 308-32

Osa Unicamp Student Chapter - Brazil

The contributions given by the working groups of OSA Unicamp Student Chapter, which was founded in December 2001 at the State University of Campinas, towards optics and photonics are discussed. Unicamps's Student Chapter is involved in pre-professional and educational outreach programs that help its members to develop communication skills, leadership and self-organization. Its research group is involved in developing techniques to overcome the effects of nonlinear noise amplification in optical communication systems, which can degrade the system performance. The Optical Communication Group is investigating the fundamental acoustooptics properties of ultra-small core photonic crystal fibers.164161

Low Cost Data Acquisition Module For Evaluating The Quantitative Performance Of Daylight Systems

The search for efficient, auto-sustainable constructions allowing the user to be in contact with the outer environment, has stimulated the development of advanced strategies, in various devices, for the exploitation of the daylight. A low cost data acquisition system was developed for this study, to observe the distribution of the natural light inside a prototype and to evaluate the quantitative performance for redirecting systems. The circuit connects to a standard parallel port of any Personal Computer, and supplies 64 analog inputs, one for each luminous sensor. The luminous sensor is a resistor (Light Dependent Resistor) that responds to the illuminance with a reduction in the resistance when illuminated, it was chosen due to the spectral similarity to the human eye. As part of the circuit, a voltage divider translates the change in resistance, due to incident light into a change of voltage. After that, calibration curves are setup to relate the output voltage measured as a function of illuminance. The system is controlled through a computer using an acquisition software written in C language. It therefore provides a continuous investigation of the illuminance with a 12-bit resolution and a conversion time under 10μs.29951000(1996) Low-Power, 8-Channel, Serial 12-Bit ADCs, , http//www.maxim-ic(2003) CD4051B CD4052B CD4053B, , http//?www.ti.comEdmonds, R.I., Performance of laser cut light deflecting panels in daylight applications (1993) Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells, 29 (1), pp. 1-26. , February(1990) CIE 1988 2° Spectral Luminous Efficiency Function for Photopic Vision, , COMMISSION INTERNACIONAL DE LÉCLARIAGE- CIE(1994) Determination of the Spectral Responsivity of Optical Radiation Detectors, (64). , COMMISSION INTERNACIONAL DE LÉCLARIAGE- CIE, France(2004) The Newport Resource, , http//?www.newport.comSimmonds, P., (1999) Módulo de Aquisicion y Control de Datos, pp. 1-7. , Micro/Bit. V. Julio-AgostoPhilips, (2003) Integrated Circuits Data Sheet LM124/224/324/324A/SA534/ Low PowerCiampini, F., Scarazzato, P.S., Simulação e Otimização de Painéis Defletores de Luz em Campinas (2005) Proc: VII Encontro Nacional Sobre Conforto No Ambiente Construído, , Macei

Fabrication And Characterization Of A Pbte Quantum Dots Multilayer Structure

Multilayer PbTe quantum dots (QDs) and SiO2 were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) techniques. The crystalline structure, QD size and size dispersion were observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements. This technique allows one to grow PbTe QDs as small as 1.8 nm diameter and 0.6 nm size dispersion. The whole structure can be used in a Fabry-Perot cavity for an optical device operating at the mid-infrared region. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.261-4361365Wood, R.A., (1993) J. Appl. Phys., 74, p. 5754De, G., Tapfer, L., (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., 68, p. 3820Liao, L.B., (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett., 72, p. 1817Afonso, C.N., (1999) Appl. Phys. A, 69, pp. S201Tsunetomo, K., (1995) Nonlinear Opt, 13, p. 109Jacob, G.J., Cesar, C.L., Barbosa, L.C., (2002) Chem. Phys. Glass, 43, pp. 250-252Lide, D.R., (1992) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, , 72nd ed CRC, Boca Raton FL(1982) Landölt-Bornstein, Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, 17. , Teilband b, Springer, BerlinHattori, T., Tsurumachi, N., Nakatsuka, H., (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 14, p. 34

Thermal-lens Study Of Thermo-optical Properties Of Tellurite Glasses

Mode-mismatched Thermal Lens (TL) measurements were performed in 70TeO 2-19WO3-7Na2O-4Nb2O5 (% mol) tellurite glasses doped with either Er3+ or Tm3+ and co-doped with Er3+/Tm3+ ions. Thermo-optical parameters (D, K, ds/dQ and ds/dT) were obtained in function of thulium concentrations (0.39-1.6) × 10 20 ions/cm3. For Er 3+/Tm3+ co-doped tellurite glasses, D and K values are practically independent of the Tm3+ concentrations used in this study. The average values of D and ds/dT obtained for tellurite glasses are: (3.1 ± 0.2) × 10-3cm2/s and (16 ± 3) × 10-6K-1, respectively. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.42723042308Tanabe, S., Hirao, K., Soga, N., (1990) J Non-Cryst Solids, 122, p. 79Ryba-Romanowski, W., (1990) J Lumin, 46, p. 163Inoue, S., Nukui, A., Yamamoto, K., Yano, T., Shibata, S., Yamane, M., (2002) J Mater Sci, 37, p. 3459Chillcce, E.F., Rodriguez, E., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.C., César, C.L., Barbosa, L.C., (2006) Opt Fiber Tech, 12, p. 185Huang, L., Jha, A., Shen, S., Chung, W.J., (2004) Opt Commun, 239, p. 403Tanabe, S., Suzuki, K., Soga, N., Hanada, T., (1995) J Lumin, 65, p. 247Lima, S.M., Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., Bento, A.C., Miranda, L.C.M., Baesso, M.L., (2000) J Non-Cryst Solids, 273, p. 215Woods, B.W., Payne, S.A., Marion, J.E., Hughes, R.S., Dovis, L.E., (1991) J Opt Soc Am B, 8, p. 970Payne, S.A., Smith, L.K., Beach, R.J., Chai, B.H.T., Tassano, J.H., Deloach, L.D., Kway, W.L., Krupke, W.F., (1994) Appl Opt, 33, p. 5526Pilla, V., Andrade, A.A., Lima, S.M., Catunda, T., Donatti, D.A., Vollet, D.R., Ruiz, A.I., (2003) Opt Mat, 24, p. 483Lima, S.M., Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., Lebullenger, R., Hernandes, A.C., Baesso, M.L., Bento, A.C., Gandra, F.C.G., (1999) J Non-Cryst Solids, 256 257, p. 337Baesso, M.L., Bento, A.C., Duarte, A.R., Neto, A.M., Miranda, L.C.M., Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., Gandra, F.C.G., (1999) J Appl Phys, 85, p. 8112Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., Gandra, F.C.G., Gama, S., Bento, A.C., Miranda, L.C.M., Baesso, M.L., (1999) J Non-Cryst Solids, 247, p. 196Lima, S.M., Catunda, T., Lebullenger, R., Hernandes, A.C., Baesso, M.L., Bento, A.C., Miranda, L.C.M., (1999) Phys Rev B, 60, p. 15173Lima, S.M., Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., Camargo, A.S.S., Nunes, L.A.O., Baesso, M.L., Hewak, D.W., (2001) J Non-Cryst Solids, 284, p. 274Pilla, V., Lima, S.M., Catunda, T., Medina, A., Baesso, M.L., Jenssen, H.P., Cassanho, A., (2004) J Opt Soc Am B, 21, p. 1784Pilla, V., Catunda, T., Balogh, D.T., Faria, R.M., Zilio, S.C., (1949) J Polym Sc, Part B Polym Physics, 40Pilla, V., Catunda, T., Jenssen, H.P., Cassanho, A., (2003) Opt Lett, 28, p. 239Andrade, A.A., Lima, S.M., Pilla, V., Sampaio, J.A., Catunda, T., (2003) Rev Sci Instrum, 74, p. 857Shen, J., Baesso, M.L., Snook, R.D., (1994) J Appl Phys, 75, p. 3738Lima, S.M., Andrade, A.A., Catunda, T., Lebullenger, R., Smektala, F., Jestin, Y., Baesso, M.L., (2001) J Non-Cryst Solids, 284, p. 203Rohling, J.H., Caldeira, A.M.F., Pereira, J.R.D., Medina, A.N., Bento, A.C., Baesso, M.L., Miranda, L.C.M., Rubira, A.F., (2001) J Appl Phys, 80, p. 2220Jewell, J.M., Apkins, C., Aggarwal, I.D., (1991) Appl Opt, 30, p. 3656Lima, S.M., Falco, W.F., Bannwart, E.S., Andrade, L.H.C., Oliveira, R.C., Moraes, J.C.S., Yukimitu, K., Baesso, M.L., (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids, 352, p. 3603Sidlkey, M.A., El-Mallawany, R., Nakhla, R.I., Abdelmoneim, A., (1997) J Non-Cryst Solids, 215, p. 75El-Mallawany, R.A.H., (2001) Tellurite Glasses Handbook: Physical Properties and Data, p. 205. , CRC PRES

Double Optical Tweezers For 3d Photonic Force Measurements

[No abstract available]12SUPPL. 217601761Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, p. 288Lock, J.A., (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, p. 2532Mazolli, A., Neto, P.A.M., Nussenzveig, H.M., (2003) Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 459, p. 3021Fontes, A., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.L., De Thomaz, A.A., Barbosa, L.C., De Paula, A.M., Cesar, C.L., (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87. , Art. No. 221109Bohren, C.F., Huffman, D.R., (1983) Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkNeves, A.A.R., Fontes, A., Padilha, L.A., Rodriguez, E., Brito Cruz, C.H., Barbosa, L.C., Cesar, C.L., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., , submitted t

Non-linear Micro-spectroscopy In An Optical Tweezers System: Application To Cells Marked With Quantum Dots

In this work we used our set up consisting of an optical tweezers plus non-linear micro-spectroscopy system to perform scanning microscopy and observe spectra using two photon excited (TPE) luminescence of captured single cells conjugated with quantum dots of CdS and CdTe. The CdS nanocrystals are obtained by our group via colloidal synthesis in aqueous medium with final pH = 7 using sodium polyphosphate as the stabilizing agent. In a second step the surface of CdS particles is functionalized with linking agents such as Glutaraldehyde. The CdTe quantum dots are functionalized in the its proper synthesis using mercaptoacetic acid (AMA). We used a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser to excite the hyper Rayleigh or TPE luminescence in particles trapped with an Nd:YAG cw laser and a 30 cm monochromator equipped with a cooled back illuminated CCD to select the spectral region for imaging. With this system we obtained hyper Rayleigh and TPE luminescence images of macrophages and other samples. The results obtained show the potential presented by this system and fluorescent labels to perform spectroscopy in a living trapped microorganism in any neighbourhood and dynamically observe the chemical reactions changes in real time.5700273278Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Sakata-Sogawa, K., Direct measurement of DNA molecular length in solution using optical tweezers: Detection of looping due to binding protein interactions (1998) Eur. J Biophy, 27, pp. 55-61Konig, K., Determination of motility forces of human spermatozoa using an 800nm optical trap (1996) Cell. Mol. Biol., 42, pp. 501-509Konig, K., Laser tweezers and multiphoton microscopes in life sciences (2000) Hyst. and Cell Biol., 114, pp. 79-91Borchert, H., Talapin, D.V., McGinley, C., High resolution photoemission study of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals (2003) J. Chem. Phys., 271, pp. 1800-1807Alivisatos, A.P., Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots (1996) Science, 271, pp. 933-937Nowak, C., Döllefeld, H., Eychmüller, A., Innershell absorption spectroscopy on CdS: Free clusters and nanocrystals (2001) J. Chem. Phys., 114, pp. 489-494Eychmuller, A., Structure and photophysics of semiconductor nanocrystals (1996) J. Phys Chem. B., 59, pp. 13226-13239Bruchez Jr., M., Moronne, M., Gin, P., Weiss, S., Alivisatos, A.P., Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels (1998) Science, 281, pp. 2013-2016Chan, W.C.W., Nie, S., Quantum dots for ultrasensitive biological detection (1998) Science, 281, pp. 2016-2018Ballou, B., Lagerholm, B.C., Ernst, L.A., Bruchez, M.P., Waggoner, A.S., Noninvasive imaging of quantum dots in mice (2004) Bioconjug. Chem., 15, pp. 79-86Gao, X., Nie, S., Molecular profiling of single cells and tissue specimens with quantum dots (2003) Trends Biotechnol., 21, pp. 371-373Äkerman, M.E., Chan, W.C.W., Laakkonen, P., Bhatia, S.N., Ruoslahti, E., Nanocrystal targeting in vivo (2002) Appl. Biol. Sci., 99, pp. 12617-12621Chan, W.C.W., Maxwell, D.J., Gao, X., Bailey, R.E., Han, M., Shuming, N., Luminescent quantum dots for multiplexed biological detection and imaging (2002) Curr. Op. Bioteh., 13, pp. 40-46Mattheakis, L.C., Dias, J.M., Choi, Y., Gong, J., Bruchez, M.P., Liu, J., Wang, E., Optical coding of mammalian cells using semiconductor quantum dot (2004) Anal Biochem., 327, pp. 200-208Petrov, D.V., Santos, B.S., Pereira, G.A.L., Donegá, C.M., Size and band-gap dependences of the hiperpolarizability of CdxZn1-xS nanocrystals (2002) J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, pp. 5325-5334Ajito, K., Torimitsu, K., Single nanoparticle trapping using a Raman tweezers microscope (2002) Applied Spectroscopy, 56, pp. 541-544Xie, C.G., Dinno, M.A., Li, Y.Q., Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of single optically trapped biological cells (2002) Optics Letters, 27, pp. 249-251Wood, B.R., Tait, B., McNaughton, D., Micro-Raman characterisation of the R to T State transition of haemoglobin within a single living erythrocyte (2001) Bioch. et Biophys. Acta, 1539, pp. 58-7

Observation Of Mie Resonances For A Single Microsphere Using Force Spectroscopy And Two Photon Excited Luminescence In An Optical Tweezers System

[No abstract available]2005215Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett, 38, pp. 1351-1355Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., (1994) Opt. Commun, 108, pp. 343-35