Glavna komponentna analiza uticaja oksidativnog stresa, inflamacije i dislipidemije kod pacijenata sa različitim nivoom glikoregulacije

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the mutual relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic biomarkers in subjects with prediabetes (PRE), newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients (NT2D) and overt type 2 diabetes (T2D) using principal component analysis (PCA) as a thorough statistical approach. Methods: Glycated hemoglobin, lipid parameters, inflammation (IL-6, CRP and fibrinogen) and oxidative stress markers pro-oxidants (AOPP, PAB, TOS) and antioxidants (PON1, tSHG, TAS) were measured. PCA was applied to explore the factors that the most strongly influenced glucoregulation. Results: A total of 278 subjects were (i.e., 37 PRE, 42 NT2D and 99 T2D) were compared with 100 healthy subjects as a control group (CG). PCA emphasized 4 different factors explaining 49% of the variance of the tested parameters: oxidative stress-dyslipidemia related factor (with positive loading of TG and tSHG, and with negative loading of HDL-c and TAS), dyslipidaemia related factor (i.e., total cholesterol and LDL-c, both with positive loading), Anthropometric related factor (i.e., waist and hip circumference, both with positive loading) and oxidative stress- Inflammation related factor (i.e., PAB, fibrinogen, and CRP, all with positive loading). Out of these 4 factors, only oxidative stress – dyslipidaemia related factor showed a significant predictive capability towards poor glucoregulation. An increase in this factor by one unit showed a 1.6 times higher probability for poor glucoregulation. Conclusions: Redox imbalance (determined with lower TAS and higher tSHG), in addition to higher TG and lower HDL- c was associated with poor glucoregulation.Uvod: Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita povezanost oksidativnog stresa, inflamacije i metaboličkih biomarkera kod pacijenata sa predijabetesom (PRE), de novo dijabetesom (NT2D) i ranije dijagnostikovanim dijabetesom (T2D) pomoću glavne komponentne analize (PCA). Metode: Glikozilirani hemoglobin, lipidni status, markeri inflamacije (IL-6, CRP i fibrinogen), parametri oksidativnog stresa pro-oksidanti (AOPP, PAB, TOS) i antioksidansi (PON1, tSHG, TAS) su mereni. PCA je primenjena da bi se ispitali faktori koji najviše utiču na glikoregulaciju. Rezultati: U istraživanje je uključeno 278 ispitanika: 37 PRE, 42 NT2D i 99 T2D, kao i 100 zdravih osoba koji su činili kontrolnu grupu (CG). PCA je izdvojila 4 različita faktora objašnjavajući 49% varijanse ispitivanih parametara: oksidativni stres-dislipidemija faktor (sa pozitivnim uticajem TG i tSHG, i negativnim uticajem HDL-c i TAS), dislipidemija faktor (tj, ukupni holesterol i LDL-c, oba sa pozitivnim uticajem), antropometrijski faktor (tj, obim struka i kukova, oba sa pozitivnim uticajem) i oksidativni stres-inflamacija faktor (tj, PAB, fibrinogen i CRP, svi sa pozitivnim uticajem). Od ova 4 faktora, jedino je oksidativni stres - dislipidemija faktor pokazao značajnu prediktivnu sposobnost za lošu glikoregulaciju. Porast ovog faktora za jednu jedinicu je pokazao 1,6 puta veću verovatnoću za lošu glikoregulaciju. Zaključak: Redoks disbalans (određen nižim vrednostima TAS i višim vrednostima tSHG), kao dodatak većim vrednostima TG i nižim vrednostima HDL-c su povezane sa lošijom glikoregulacijom

Identification of human genetic variants modulating the course of COVID-19 infection with importance in other viral infections

Introduction: COVID-19 has been a major focus of scientific research since early 2020. Due to its societal, economic, and clinical impact worldwide, research efforts aimed, among other questions, to address the effect of host genetics in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19.Methods: We, therefore, performed next-generation sequencing of coding and regulatory regions of 16 human genes, involved in maintenance of the immune system or encoding receptors for viral entry into the host cells, in a subset of 60 COVID-19 patients from the General Hospital Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina, classified into three groups of clinical conditions of different severity (“mild,” “moderate,” and “severe”).Results: We confirmed that the male sex and older age are risk factors for severe clinical picture and identified 13 variants on seven genes (CD55, IL1B, IL4, IRF7, DDX58, TMPRSS2, and ACE2) with potential functional significance, either as genetic markers of modulated susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or modifiers of the infection severity. Our results include variants reported for the first time as potentially associated with COVID-19, but further research and larger patient cohorts are required to confirm their effect.Discussion: Such studies, focused on candidate genes and/or variants, have a potential to answer the questions regarding the effect of human genetic makeup on the expected infection outcome. In addition, loci we identified here were previously reported to have clinical significance in other diseases and viral infections, thus confirming a general, broader significance of COVID-19-related research results following the end of the pandemic period

Association of trace element status in COVID-19 patients with disease severity

Caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) evolves with clinical symptoms that vary widely in severity, from mild symptoms to critical conditions, which can even result in the patient’s death. A critical aspect related to an individual response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the competence of the immune system, and it is well known that several trace elements are essential for an adequate immune response and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that are of particular importance in fighting infection. Thus, it is widely accepted that adequate trace element status can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. In this study, we evaluated the serum levels of Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, I and Mg in pa- tients (n = 210) with clinical conditions of different severity (“mild”, “moderate”, “severe” and “exitus letalis”, i. e., patients who eventually died). The results showed significant differences between the four groups for Cu, Zn, Se and Fe, in particular a significant trend of Zn and Se serum levels to be decreased and Cu to be increased with the severity of symptoms. For Mg and I, no differences were observed, but I levels were shown to be increased in all groups.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio