4,240 research outputs found
New Bound on gamma from B^+- -> pi K Decays
A bound on the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle is derived using
experimental information on the CP-averaged branching ratios for the rare
decays B^+- -> pi^+- K^0 and B^+- -> pi^0 K^+-. The theoretical description is
cleaner than the Fleischer-Mannel analysis of the decays B^+- -> pi^+- K^0 and
B^0 -> pi^-+ K^+- in that the two decay rates differ only in a single isospin
amplitude, which has a simple structure in the SU(3) limit. As a consequence,
electroweak penguin contributions and strong rescattering effects can be taken
into account in a model-independent way. The resulting bound excludes values of
cos(gamma) around 0.6 and is thus largely complementary to indirect constraints
derived from a global analysis of the unitarity triangle.Comment: minor corrections, version to appear in Physics Letters
Implications of a Low sin(2 beta): A Strategy for Exploring New Flavor Physics
We explore the would-be consequences of a low value of the CP-violating phase
. The importance of a reference triangle obtained from
measurements that are independent of -- and -- mixing is
stressed. It can be used to extract separately potential New Physics
contributions to mixing in the , and systems. We discuss several
constructions of this triangle, which will be feasible in the near future. The
discrete ambiguity is at most two-fold and eventually can be completely
removed. Simultaneously, it will be possible to probe for New Physics in
loop-dominated rare decays.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Shortest Distances as Enumeration Problem
We investigate the single source shortest distance (SSSD) and all pairs
shortest distance (APSD) problems as enumeration problems (on unweighted and
integer weighted graphs), meaning that the elements -- where
and are vertices with shortest distance -- are produced and
listed one by one without repetition. The performance is measured in the RAM
model of computation with respect to preprocessing time and delay, i.e., the
maximum time that elapses between two consecutive outputs. This point of view
reveals that specific types of output (e.g., excluding the non-reachable pairs
, or excluding the self-distances ) and the order of
enumeration (e.g., sorted by distance, sorted row-wise with respect to the
distance matrix) have a huge impact on the complexity of APSD while they appear
to have no effect on SSSD.
In particular, we show for APSD that enumeration without output restrictions
is possible with delay in the order of the average degree. Excluding
non-reachable pairs, or requesting the output to be sorted by distance,
increases this delay to the order of the maximum degree. Further, for weighted
graphs, a delay in the order of the average degree is also not possible without
preprocessing or considering self-distances as output. In contrast, for SSSD we
find that a delay in the order of the maximum degree without preprocessing is
attainable and unavoidable for any of these requirements.Comment: Updated version adds the study of space complexit
Simply Modeling Meson HQET
A simple relativistic model of heavy-quark-light-quark mesons is proposed. In
an expansion in inverse powers of the heavy quark mass we find that all zeroth
and first order heavy quark symmetry relations are satisfied. The main results
are: - the difference between the meson mass and the heavy quark mass plays a
significant role even at zeroth order; - the slope of the Isgur-Wise function
at the zero recoil point is typically less than ; - the first order
correction to the pseudoscalar decay constant is large and negative; - the four
universal functions describing the first order corrections to the semileptonic
decay form factors are small; - these latter corrections are quite insensitive
to the choice of model parameters, and in particular to the effects of
hyperfine mass splitting.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 3 LaTeX figures in separate file, UTPT-92-16. This
is the version published long ago but not previously archive
The emission of energetic electrons from the complex streamer corona adjacent to leader stepping
We here propose a model to capture the complexity of the streamer corona
adjacent to leader stepping and relate it to the production of energetic
electrons serving as a source of X-rays and -rays, manifesting in
terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). During its stepping, the leader tip is
accompanied by a corona consisting of multitudinous streamers perturbing the
air in its vicinity and leaving residual charge behind. We explore the relative
importance of air perturbations and preionization on the production of
energetic run-away electrons by 2.5D cylindrical Monte Carlo particle
simulations of streamers in ambient fields of 16 kV cm and 50 kV
cm at ground pressure. We explore preionization levels between
m and m, channel widths between 0.5 and 1.5 times the
original streamer widths and air perturbation levels between 0\% and 50\% of
ambient air. We observe that streamers in preionized and perturbed air
accelerate more efficiently than in non-ionized and uniform air with air
perturbation dominating the streamer acceleration. We find that in unperturbed
air preionization levels of m are sufficient to explain
run-away electron rates measured in conjunction with terrestrial gamma-ray
flashes. In perturbed air, the production rate of runaway electrons varies from
s to s with maximum electron energies from
some hundreds of eV up to some hundreds of keV in fields above and below the
breakdown strength. In the presented simulations the number of runaway
electrons matches with the number of energetic electrons measured in alignment
with the observations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Conclusively, the
complexity of the streamer zone ahead of leader tips allows explaining the
emission of energetic electrons and photons from streamer discharges.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Peculiarities of isotopic temperatures obtained from p+A collisions at 1 GeV
Nuclear temperatures obtained from inclusive measurements of double isotopic
yield ratios of fragments produced in 1 GeV p + A collisions amount to about 4
MeV nearly independent from the target mass.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
Slope of the Isgur-Wise function in the heavy mass limit of quark models \`a la Bakamjian-Thomas
The slope of the Isgur-Wise function for ground state mesons is evaluated for
the heavy mass limit of quark models \`a la Bakamjian-Thomas, which has been
previously discussed by us in general terms. A full calculation in various
spectroscopic models with relativistic kinetic energy gives a rather stable
result , much lower than previous estimates. Attention is
paid to a careful comparison of this result with the ones of QCD fundamental
methods (lattice QCD, QCD sum rules) and with experimental data.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, AMS-LaTe
A Consistent Calculation of Heavy Meson Decay Constants and Transition Wave Functions in the Complete HQEFT
Within the complete heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT), the QCD sum
rule approach is used to evaluate the decay constants including 1/m_Q
corrections and the Isgur-Wise function and other additional important wave
functions concerned at 1/m_Q for the heavy-light mesons. The 1/m_Q corrections
to the scaling law f_M \sim F/\sqrt{m_M} are found to be small in HQEFT, which
demonstrates again the validity of 1/m_Q expansion in HQEFT. It is also shown
that the residual momentum v.k of heavy quark within hadrons does be around the
binding energy \bar{\Lambda} of the heavy hadrons. The calculations presented
in this paper provide a consistent check on the HQEFT and shows that the HQEFT
is more reliable than the usual HQET for describing a slightly off-mass shell
heavy quark within hadron as the usual HQET seems to lead to the breakdown of
1/m_Q expansion in evaluating the meson decay constants. It is emphasized that
the introduction of the `dressed heavy quark' mass is useful for the
heavy-light mesons (Qq) with m_Q >> \bar{\Lambda} >> m_q, while for heavy-heavy
bound states (\psi_1\psi_2) with masses m_1, m_2 >> \bar{\Lambda}, like
bottom-charm hadrons or similarly for muonium in QED, one needs to treat both
particles as heavy effective particles via 1/m_1 and 1/m_2 expansions and
redefine the effective bound states and modified `dressed heavy quark' masses
within the HQEFT.Comment: 20 pages, revtex, 22 figures, axodraw.sty, two irrelevant figures are
moved awa
Semileptonic B Decays into Excited Charmed Mesons (, ) in HQEFT
Exclusive semileptonic B decays into excited charmed mesons (, )
are studied up to the order of in the framework of the heavy quark
effective field theory (HQEFT), which contains the contributions of both
particles and antiparticles. Two wave functions and ,
which characterize the contributions from the kinematic operator at the order
of , are calculated by using QCD sum rule approach in HQEFT. Zero recoil
values of other two wave functions and are extracted
from the excited charmed-meson masses. Possible effects from the spin-dependent
transition wave functions which arise from the magnetic operators at the order
of are analyzed. It is shown that the experimental measurements for the
branching ratios of and can be understood
in the framework of HQEFT.Comment: 27 pages, RevTex, 4 figures, 3 tables, to be published in IJMP
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