707 research outputs found
Anomalous wave reflection from the interface of two strongly nonlinear granular media
Granular materials exhibit a strongly nonlinear behaviour affecting the
propagation of information in the medium. Dynamically self-organized strongly
nonlinear solitary waves are the main information carriers in granular chains.
Here we report the first experimental observation of the dramatic change of
reflectivity from the interface of two granular media triggered by a noncontact
magnetically induced initial precompression. It may be appropriate to name this
phenomenon the "acoustic diode" effect. Based on numerical simulations, we
explain this effect by the high gradient of particle velocity near the
interface.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Observation of two-wave structure in strongly nonlinear dissipative granular chains
In a strongly nonlinear viscous granular chain under conditions of loading
that exclude stationary waves (e.g., impact by a single grain) we observe a
pulse that consists of two interconnected but distinct parts. One is a leading
narrow "primary pulse" with properties similar to a solitary wave in a "sonic
vacuum." It arises from strong nonlinearity and discreteness in the absence of
dissipation, but now decays due to viscosity. The other is a broad, much more
persistent shock-like "secondary pulse" trailing the primary pulse and caused
by viscous dissipation. The medium behind the primary pulse is transformed from
a "sonic vacuum" to a medium with finite sound speed. When the rapidly decaying
primary pulse dies, the secondary pulse continues to propagate in the "sonic
vacuum," with an oscillatory front if the viscosity is relatively small, until
its eventual (but very slow) disintegration. Beyond a critical viscosity there
is no separation of the two pulses, and the dissipation and nonlinearity
dominate the shock-like attenuating pulse which now exhibits a nonoscillatory
front
Experimental evidence of shock mitigation in a Hertzian tapered chain
We present an experimental study of the mechanical impulse propagation
through a horizontal alignment of elastic spheres of progressively decreasing
diameter , namely a tapered chain. Experimentally, the diameters of
spheres which interact via the Hertz potential are selected to keep as close as
possible to an exponential decrease, , where the
experimental tapering factor is either ~% or ~%.
In agreement with recent numerical results, an impulse initiated in a
monodisperse chain (a chain of identical beads) propagates without shape
changes, and progressively transfer its energy and momentum to a propagating
tail when it further travels in a tapered chain. As a result, the front pulse
of this wave decreases in amplitude and accelerates. Both effects are
satisfactorily described by the hard spheres approximation, and basically, the
shock mitigation is due to partial transmissions, from one bead to the next, of
momentum and energy of the front pulse. In addition when small dissipation is
included, a better agreement with experiments is found. A close analysis of the
loading part of the experimental pulses demonstrates that the front wave adopts
itself a self similar solution as it propagates in the tapered chain. Finally,
our results corroborate the capability of these chains to thermalize
propagating impulses and thereby act as shock absorbing devices.Comment: ReVTeX, 7 pages with 6 eps, accepted for Phys. Rev. E (Related papers
on http://www.supmeca.fr/perso/jobs/
Self-Consistent Separable Rpa Approach for Skyrme Forces: Axial Nuclei
The self-consistent separable RPA (random phase approximation) method is
formulated for Skyrme forces with pairing. The method is based on a general
self-consistent procedure for factorization of the two-body interaction. It is
relevant for various density- and current-dependent functionals. The
contributions of the time-even and time-odd Skyrme terms as well as of the
Coulomb and pairing terms to the residual interaction are taken
self-consistently into account. Most of the expression have a transparent
analytical form, which makes the method convenient for the treatment and
analysis. The separable character of the residual interaction allows to avoid
diagonalization of high-rank RPA matrices and thus to minimize the calculation
effort. The previous studies have demonstrated high numerical accuracy and
efficiency of the method for spherical nuclei. In this contribution, the method
is specified for axial nuclei. We provide systematic and detailed presentation
of formalism and discuss different aspects of the model.Comment: 42 page
Observation of the novel type of ordering: Spontaneous ferriquadrupolar order
Using Raman and infrared spectroscopies the spontaneous ferriquadrupolar
ordering has been observed in the rare-earth-based system KDy(MoO).
Ordered quadrupoles in the electron subsystem attend non-equivalent distortions
of rare-earth ions in the ordered phase. The mean field theory explaining the
onset of such a type of ordering has been constructed.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Is it possible to assign physical meaning to field theory with higher derivatives?
To overcome the difficulties with the energy indefiniteness in field theories
with higher derivatives, it is supposed to use the mechanical analogy, the
Timoshenko theory of the transverse flexural vibrations of beams or rods well
known in mechanical engineering. It enables one to introduce the notion of a
"mechanical" energy in such field models that is wittingly positive definite.
This approach can be applied at least to the higher derivative models which
effectively describe the extended localized solutions in usual first order
field theories (vortex solutions in Higgs models and so on). Any problems with
a negative norm ghost states and unitarity violation do not arise here.Comment: 16 pp, LaTeX, JINR E2-93-19
Extended analytic QCD model with perturbative QCD behavior at high momenta
In contrast to perturbative QCD, the analytic QCD models have running
coupling whose analytic properties correctly mirror those of spacelike
observables. The discontinuity (spectral) function of such running coupling is
expected to agree with the perturbative case at large timelike momenta;
however, at low timelike momenta it is not known. In the latter regime, we
parametrize the unknown behavior of the spectral function as a sum of (two)
delta functions; while the onset of the perturbative behavior of the spectral
function is set to be 1.0-1.5 GeV. This is in close analogy with the "minimal
hadronic ansatz" used in the literature for modeling spectral functions of
correlators. For the running coupling itself, we impose the condition that it
basically merges with the perturbative coupling at high spacelike momenta. In
addition, we require that the well-measured nonstrange semihadronic (V+A) tau
decay ratio value be reproduced by the model. We thus obtain a QCD framework
which is basically indistinguishable from perturbative QCD at high momenta (Q >
1 GeV), and at low momenta it respects the basic analyticity properties of
spacelike observables as dictated by the general principles of the local
quantum field theories.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures; in v2 Sec.IV is extended after Eq.(48) and
refs.[51-52] added; v2 published in Phys.Rev.D85,114043(2012
Orbital Magnetic Dipole Mode in Deformed Clusters: A Fully Microscopic Analysis
The orbital M1 collective mode predicted for deformed clusters in a schematic
model is studied in a self-consistent random-phase-approximation approach which
fully exploits the shell structure of the clusters. The microscopic mechanism
of the excitation is clarified and the close correlation with E2 mode
established. The study shows that the M1 strength of the mode is fragmented
over a large energy interval. In spite of that, the fraction remaining at low
energy, well below the overwhelming dipole plasmon resonance, is comparable to
the strength predicted in the schematic model. The importance of this result in
view of future experiments is stressed.Comment: 10 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses revte
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