Quantum Spacetime Phenomenology

I review the current status of phenomenological programs inspired by quantum-spacetime research. I stress in particular the significance of results establishing that certain data analyses provide sensitivity to effects introduced genuinely at the Planck scale. And my main focus is on phenomenological programs that managed to affect the directions taken by studies of quantum-spacetime theories.Comment: 125 pages, LaTex. This V2 is updated and more detailed than the V1, particularly for quantum-spacetime phenomenology. The main text of this V2 is about 25% more than the main text of the V1. Reference list roughly double

Age-related changes in human laryngeal nerves

OBJECTIVES: We Sought to perform a morphometric analysis of myelinated fibers from laryngeal nerves with the aim of verifying quantitative changes due to the aging process.METHODS: A 1-cm fragment was collected from the superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves from 12 cadavers during autopsy. the sample was divided in two groups: an adult group (aged < 60 years) and an elderly group (aged <= 60 years).RESULTS: the total number of myelinated fibers from the superior laryngeal nerves was similar in both groups (adult group = 9017 +/- 1692, elderly group = 7918 +/- 1624; P = 0.79). the adult group had a higher total number of myelinated fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerves than that of the elderly group (adult group = 3276 +/- 383, elderly group = 2381 +/- 669; P = 0.005), as well as a higher total number of fibers in the laryngeal nerves (both superior and recurrent) than the elderly group (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: the adult group has a higher total number of myelinated fibers in the laryngeal nerves than the elderly group. (C) 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc