PLD synthesis of GaN nanowires and nanodots on patterned catalyst surface for field emission study

10.1007/s00339-008-4697-6Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing933685-689APAM

Effects of annealing on microstructure and microstrength of metallurgical coke

Two metallurgical cokes were heat treated at 1673 K to 2273 K (1400 C to 2000 C) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and microstrength of metallurgical cokes was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ultra-microindentation. In the process of heat treatment, the microstructure of the metallurgical cokes transformed toward the graphite structure. Raman spectroscopy of reactive maceral-derived component (RMDC) and inert maceral-derived component (IMDC) indicated that the graphitisation degree of the RMDC was slightly lower than that of the IMDC in the original cokes; however graphitisation of the RMDC progressed faster than that of the IMDC during annealing, and became significantly higher after annealing at 2273 K (2000 C). The microstrength of cokes was significantly degraded in the process of heat treatment. The microstrength of the RMDC was lower, and of its deterioration caused by heat treatment was more severe than IMDC. The degradation of the microstrength of cokes was attributed to their increased graphitisation degree during the heat treatment. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International