Parameters calculated from the evoked beam-walking test.

<p>C—control group, ND—nandrolone decanoate group, E—exercise group, ND+E—nandrolone decanoate plus exercise group. (Mean ± SEM, * denotes a significant difference p<0.05, n = 8 per group, One-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc analysis).</p

Immunohistochemical expression of NPY positive interneurons in the rat hippocampus from the control group.

<p>Immunohistochemical expression of NPY positive interneurons in the rat hippocampus from the control group.</p

Relationship between the number of PV immunoreactive neurons in different regions of hippocampus (A—CA1, B—CA2/3, C—DG) and the cumulative duration in the centre zone observed in the OF test (n = 8 per group).

<p>Simple regression analysis indicated that the number of PV neurons in CA1 (F = 10.946, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.52, p = 0.002) and DG (F = 12.715, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.55, p = 0.001) was positively correlated with time spent in centre zone. There was no significant correlation for CA2/3 region (F = 0.674, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.15, p = 0.42).</p

Number of NPY immunoreactive neurons per 1mm² in each of the investigated hippocampal regions (CA1, CA2/3 and DG).

<p>C—control group, ND–nandrolone decanoate group, E–exercise group, ND+E—nandrolone decanoate plus exercise group. Bars represent means ± SEM, n = 11. * denotes a significant difference <i>p</i> < 0.05, ** denotes significant difference <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p

Relationship between the number of PV immunoreactive neurons in different regions of hippocampus (A—CA1, B—CA2/3, C—DG) and the shortening the time to cross the beam in the EBW test (n = 8 per group).

<p>Simple regression analysis indicated that the number of PV neurons in CA1 (F = 5.617, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.40, p = 0.02) and DG (F = 9.621, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.50, p = 0.004) was negatively correlated with the shortening of time to cross the beam. There was no significant correlation for CA2/3 region (F = 0.106, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.06, p = 0.75).</p

Relationship between the number of PV immunoreactive neurons in different regions of hippocampus (A—CA1, B—CA2/3, C—DG) and the cumulative duration in the open arms in the EPM test (n = 8 per group).

<p>Simple regression analysis indicated that the number of PV neurons in CA1 (F = 11.320, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.52, p = 0.002) and DG (F = 7.481, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.45, p = 0.01) was positively correlated with cumulative duration in open arms. There was no significant correlation for CA2/3 region (F = 1.032, df = 1, Pearson's r = 0.18, p = 0.31).</p

Relationship between the total duration of immobility in TST and the serum NPY levels for all investigated groups (n = 32).

<p>Simple regression analysis indicated that the serum NPY levels (Pearson's r = 0.48, p = 0.004) was negatively correlated with the duration of immobility in TST.</p

Immunohistochemical expression of PV positive interneurons in the rat hippocampus.

<p>(A) Distribution in the control group. (B) Number of PV immunoreactive neurons in hippocampal regions. C—control group (n = 8), ND—nandrolone decanoate group (n = 12), E—exercise group (n = 11), ND+E—nandrolone decanoate plus exercise group (n = 9). (Mean ± SEM, * denotes a significant difference p<0.05, ** denotes significant difference p<0.01, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s post hoc test).</p

Serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol.

<p>Serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol.</p

Relationship between the number NPY immunoreactive neurons in different regions of hippocampus and the serum NPY levels for all investigated groups (n = 32).

<p>Simple regression analysis indicated that the number of NPY neurons in all three investigated hippocampal regions: CA1 (Pearson's r = 0.54, p = 0.001), CA2/3 (Pearson's r = 0.61, p = 0.0001) and DG (Pearson's r = 0.50, p = 0.003) was positively correlated with the serum NPY levels.</p