International Migration and Economic Development of Global Metropolitan Areas

International migration is a global and local development issue. Migrants across international borders are transformative agents with economic, social, and political ties to origins and destinations. Migrants are the agents that link local economies through global flows of knowledge, trade, capital, and production. Through their networks, international migrants serve as valuable bridges between U.S. metropolitan areas and regional economies in other countries, and can facilitate trade networks through exports, imports, or the circulation of knowledge and the production process

Gamma-ray bursts in normal and extreme star-forming galaxies

We discuss how gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical afterglows and multiwavelength observations of their host galaxies can be used to obtain information about the relative amounts of star formation happening in optical and submillimetre galaxies. That such an analysis will be possible follows from the currently-favoured idea that GRBs are closely linked with high-mass star formation. Studying GRB host galaxies offers a method of finding low-luminosity submillimetre galaxies, which cannot be identified either in optical Lyman break surveys, because so much of their star formation is hidden by dust, or in submillimetre surveys, because their submillimetre fluxes are close to or below the confusion limit. Much of the star formation in the Universe could have occurred in such objects, so searching for them is an important exercise. From current observations, GRB host galaxies appear to be neither optically-luminous Class-2 SCUBA galaxies like SMM J02399$-$0136 or SMM J14011+0252, nor galaxies containing dense molecular cores like local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs), but rather some intermediate kind of galaxy. The host galaxy of GRB 980703 is a prototype of this kind of galaxy.Comment: 8 pages, 1 fig, TeX, MNRAS in pres

In Their Own Words: Asian Immigrants Experiences Navigating Language Barriers in the United States

New immigrant arrivals to the United States face many challenges and obstacles when navigating their daily lives. For Asian immigrants, these include language and cultural obstacles that impact those who arrive with little to no proficiency in English. But navigating life in America also impacts English-speaking immigrants as they adjust to life in a new country with its own unique linguistic and cultural quirks.In 2021, Pew Research Center conducted 49 focus groups with Asian immigrants to understand the challenges they faced, if any, after arriving in the country. The focus groups consisted of 18 distinct Asian origins and were conducted in 17 Asian languages.This report explores three broad themes from the focus group discussions: the challenges Asian immigrants have faced in navigating daily life and communicating in English; tools and strategies they used to learn the language; and types of help they received from others in adapting to English-speaking settings. The experiences discussed may not resonate with all Asian U.S. immigrants, but the study sought to capture a wide range of views by including participants of different languages, immigration or refugee experiences, educational backgrounds and income levels

Diverse Cultures and Shared Experiences Shape Asian American Identities

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to understand the rich diversity of people of Asian origin or ancestry living in the United States and their views of identity. The study is part of the Center's multiyear, comprehensive, in-depth quantitative and qualitative research effort focused on the nation's Asian population. Its centerpiece is this nationally representative survey of 7,006 Asian adults exploring the experiences, attitudes and views of Asians living in the U.S. The survey sampled U.S. adults who self-identify as Asian, either alone or in combination with other races or Hispanic ethnicity. It was offered in six languages: Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), English, Hindi, Korean, Tagalog and Vietnamese. Responses were collected from July 5, 2022, to Jan. 27, 2023, by Westat on behalf of Pew Research Center

Cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts as a Probe of Star Formation History

The cosmic gamma-ray burst (GRB) formation rate, as derived from the variability-luminosity relation for long-duration GRBs, is compared with the cosmic star formation rate. If GRBs are related to the collapse of massive stars, one expects the GRB rate to be approximately proportional to the star formation rate. We found that these two rates have similar slopes at low redshift. This suggests that GRBs do indeed track the star formation rate of the Universe, which in turn implies that the formation rate of massive stars that produce GRBs is proportional to the total star formation rate. It also implies that we might be able to use GRBs as a probe of the cosmic star formation rate at high redshift. We find that the cosmic star formation rate inferred from the variability-luminosity relation increases steeply with redshift at z > 3. This is in apparent contrast to what is derived from measurements of the cosmic star formation rate at high redshift from optical observations of field galaxies, suggesting that much high-z star formation is being missed in the optical surveys, even after corrections for dust extinction have been made.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, talk given at the CAPP2000 Conference on Cosmology and Particle Physics, Verbier, Switzerland, eds. J. Garcia-Bellido, R. Durrer and M. Shaposhnikov, (AIP,2001

Requirement for a Uroplakin 3a-like protein in the development of zebrafish pronephric tubule epithelial cell function, morphogenesis, and polarity

Uroplakin (UP)3a is critical for urinary tract development and function; however, its role in these processes is unknown. We examined the function of the UP3a-like protein Upk3l, which was expressed at the apical surfaces of the epithelial cells that line the pronephric tubules (PTs) of the zebrafish pronephros. Embryos treated with upk3l-targeted morpholinos showed decreased pronephros function, which was attributed to defects in PT epithelial cell morphogenesis and polarization including: loss of an apical brush border and associated phospho-ERM proteins, apical redistribution of the basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase, and altered or diminished expression of the apical polarity complex proteins Prkcz (atypical protein kinase C zeta) and Pard3 (Par3). Upk3l missing its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain or containing mutations in conserved tyrosine or proline residues did not rescue, or only partially rescued the effects of Upk3l depletion. Our studies indicate that Upk3l promotes epithelial polarization and morphogenesis, likely by forming or stimulating interactions with cytoplasmic signaling or polarity proteins, and that defects in this process may underlie the pathology observed in UP3a knockout mice or patients with renal abnormalities that result from altered UP3a expression. © 2012 Mitra et al

Pseudohyphal growth of the emerging pathogen Candida auris is triggered by genotoxic stress through the S phase checkpoint

We are grateful to Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Anuradha Chowdhary, Elizabeth Johnson (PHE), Takashi Kubota, and Shawn Lockhart (CDC) for providing strains. We thank Fei Long for skillful technical assistance. Flow cytometry was performed at the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC), University of Aberdeen (Raif Yuecel). Microscopy was done at the Microscopy & Histology Facility, University of Aberdeen (Kevin S. Mackenzie). This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Seed Award to AL [grant number 212524/Z/18/Z], and the Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter [grant numbers MR/P501955/1, MR/N006364/1].Peer reviewedPreprin