Indigenous fishing gears of the Pulicat lagoon of Tamil Nadu

A study was conducted on the design and the operational details of fishing gears and craft operated form 54 fishing villages bordering the Pulicat lagoon, one of the important lagoons of India (lat. 13.5593° N, long. 80.2098° E). Information was collected from 320 respondents covering a minimum of 5–7 fishermen from each fishing village. The investigation revealed the existence of 26 types of traditional fishing gears belonging to 15 categories. The pattern of operation of fishing gears used by fishermen was as follows: stake nets (33%), drift gillnets (24%), set gill nets (19%), drive-in nets (14%), and other gears (<10%). Among the 26 types of fishing gears analyzed, 7 gears, viz. hand-lift net, crab fishing gear, lighted crab scoop net, prawn fishing gear, wooden cover pot, cradle trap, and mono line with multiple hooks, were found to be eco-friendly. Further, the multi-stick drag net was found to be as a detrimental fishing gear as its operation lead to indiscriminate fishing with the high contribution of juveniles fishes of higher growth potential. The study revealed that the fishing pattern with traditional gears being practiced in the Pulicat lagoon might be continued without any further additional introduction of detrimental fishing gears such as gill net or mini trawl that are operated adjacent to this lagoon in the sea to sustain the fishery of this lagoon

Indigenous fishing gears of the Pulicat lagoon of Tamil Nadu

583-593A study was conducted on the design and the operational details of fishing gears and craft operated from 54 fishing villages bordering the Pulicat lagoon, one of the important lagoons of India (lat. 13.5593° N, long. 80.2098° E). Information was collected from 320 respondents covering a minimum of 5-7 fishermen from each fishing village. The investigation revealed the existence of 26 types of traditional fishing gear belonging to 15 categories. The pattern of operation of fishing gears used by fishermen was as follows: stake nets (33%), drift gillnets (24%), set gill nets (19%), drive-in nets (14%), and other gears (<10%). Among the 26 types of fishing gears analyzed, 7 gears, viz., hand-lift net, crab fishing gear, lighted crab scoop net, prawn fishing gear, wooden cover pot, cradle trap, and mono line with multiple hooks, were found to be eco-friendly. Further, the multi-stick drag net was found to be a detrimental fishing gear as its operation leads to indiscriminate fishing with a high contribution of juveniles fishes with higher growth potential. The study revealed that the fishing pattern with traditional gears being practiced in the Pulicat lagoon might be continued without further introducing detrimental fishing gear such as gill nets or mini trawl that are operated adjacent to this lagoon in the sea to sustain the fishery of this lagoon

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Not AvailableThe present study intended to develop improved biopolymer film from seaweed polysaccharides. The quantity optimization of polysaccharides for the composite film was sought by empirical response surface methodology. To achieve the goal, Box – Behnken model was applied to the concentration of three independent variables, viz. agar (1.0 – 2.0 % w / v ), alginate (1.0 – 2.0 % w / v ) and carrageenan (1.0 – 2.0 % w / v ). The glycerol was used as a plasticizer and kept constant (25 % w / w ) for total solid mass. The overall desirability function fits with the quadratic model at 99.78 % level of significance for the optimization of agar (1.99 % w / v), alginate (1.45 w / v) and carrageenan (2.0 % w / v) to reach minimum water vapor permeability and maximum tensile strength, elongation at break and puncture resistance. The absolute residual error (1.04 – 3.37 % ) of experimental and predicted response was also validated. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the interactions such as stretching at 2900 per cm region corresponded to C – H stretching vibration and an intensity peak observed at 1200 cm−1 of AAC film corresponded to sulfate ester groups. The shift in crystalline nature of composite film was confirmed by XRD. The 3D image of atomic force microscopy showed layer-by-layer assembly of intermolecules at 310-nm resolution, and the characterized smooth surface has more functional application. The carrageenan and agar are found to be more responsible for the film properties such as moisture content, thickness, whiteness index, transparency, swelling and erosion than alginate.Not Availabl

DEVELOPMENT OF A BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITE FILM FROM CHITOSAN, AGAR AND GLYCEROL BASED ON OPTIMIZATION PROCESS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

The aim of the study has been to develop a biodegradable film from marine polysaccharides. The optimization of polysaccharides quantity for the composite film was sought by empirical response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken Model Design was applied to optimize the concentration of chitosan (1.0-2.0% (w/v), agar (1.0-2.0% (w/v) and glycerol (0.1-0.5% (w/v) as independent variables to achieve the goal. The overall desirability function fits with the quadratic model (0.862043) at a significant level (p &lt; 0.05) for the optimum concentration of chitosan (1.5% (w/v), agar (2.0% (w/v) and glycerol (0.41% (w/v) to obtain the minimum water vapor permeability (7.25 10-10g m m-2 Pa-1 s-1) and maximum tensile strength (12.21 Ma P), elongation at break (7.32%) and puncture resistance (16.18 N) in the optimized composite film. The absolute residual errors of experimental and predicted responses were between 1.24 and 3.56% acceptable levels. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the intermolecular non-covalent hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl groups of agar and glycerol with the amino group of chitosan. 3D atomic force microscopy images revealed that the chitosan, agar and glycerol film has layer-by-layer smooth surface properties due to homogenous interaction among the polysaccharides; this provides the film with good mechanical properties and with functional application. Chitosan was found to be responsible for the lower level of water vapor permeability and higher puncture resistance of the film. Tensile strength and elongation at break were influenced by agar and glycerol. The whiteness of the film was negatively affected with the concentration of chitosan.</jats:p

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Not AvailableThe aim of the study has been to develop a biodegradable film from marine polysaccharides. The optimization of polysaccharides quantity for the composite film was sought by empirical response surface methodology. The Box–Behnken Model Design was applied to optimize the concentration of chitosan (1.0-2.0% (w/v)), agar (1.0- 2.0% (w/v)) and glycerol (0.1-0.5% (w/v)) as independent variables to achieve the goal. The overall desirability function fits with the quadratic model (0.862043) at a significant level (p < 0.05) for the optimum concentration of chitosan (1.5% (w/v)), agar (2.0% (w/v)) and glycerol (0.41% (w/v)) to obtain the minimum water vapor permeability (7.25 10-10g m m-2 Pa-1 s-1) and maximum tensile strength (12.21 Ma P), elongation at break (7.32%) and puncture resistance (16.18 N) in the optimized composite film. The absolute residual errors of experimental and predicted responses were between 1.24 and 3.56% acceptable levels. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the intermolecular non-covalent hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl groups of agar and glycerol with the amino group of chitosan. 3D atomic force microscopy images revealed that the chitosan, agar and glycerol film has layer-by-layer smooth surface properties due to homogenous interaction among the polysaccharides; this provides the film with good mechanical properties and with functional application. Chitosan was found to be responsible for the lower level of water vapor permeability and higher puncture resistance of the film. Tensile strength and elongation at break were influenced by agar and glycerol. The whiteness of the film was negatively affected with the concentration of chitosan.Not Availabl

Valorization of discarded industrial fish processing wastes for the extraction of gelatin to use as biodegradable fish bait matrix using RSM

Extraction of gelatin from fish wastes and the development of artificial fish bait matrix using the extracted gelatin were attempted in the study. Biochemical composition of fish wastes (heads, skins, fins and scales) and the gelatin derived from the wastes of corresponding body parts and physicochemical properties of fish gelatin were analyzed. Considering high yield (19.8–22.4%), good gel strength (1.99–2.3 N), high melting point (27 °C) and simple extraction process, the scale gelatin was selected for the development of artificial fish bait matrix. To optimize the levels of gelling agent, cross linker and solvent for the preparation of bait matrix, RSM was adopted. Gel strength and insolubility ratio were analyzed to know the suitability of the bait. They were found to have the gel strength ranging from 1.3 N to 23.5 N, insolubility ratio from 55–83%, and melting point from 34.3 °C to 41.1 °C. The optimum levels of ingredients for the preparation of ideal bait matrix were standardized as: gelatin-25.5%, sucrose-22.5% and water-52%. The curing temperature and curing duration were optimized based on the optimum gel strength of 20.84 N and insolubility ratio of 74.5% was 5 °C and 25 h respectively. The study revealed that a developed fish bait matrix suitable for fishing can be made from gelatin derived from fish wastes.</jats:p