Ectopic ovarian pregnancy following in vitro fertilization: case report

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy. Risk factors such as reproductive treatments and infertility have been identified in recent studies. In this article, we present a case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy occurring following in vitro fertilization treatment and a fresh embryo transfer. The diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy was made during transvaginal sonography performed due to suspected ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare clinical phenomenon. Late diagnosis and lack of appropriate intervention may have catastrophic results. Several mechanisms and risk factors are proposed, and their acknowledgment may improve early diagnosis and prevention of complications

Ethnoveterinary practices among women of <i>Banaskantha</i> district, Gujarat

614-625A survey was conducted for documenting indigenous knowledge used by rural women for animal healthcare in and around Dantiwada taluka of Banaskantha district, Gujarat. Interviews of 200 rural women revealed that an inventory of 43 local practices was used for treating 10 ailments like diarrhea, cold, fever, foot & mouth disease, indigestion, etc., in domestic animals. Different plant parts (i.e., leaves, bark, roots, etc.) and products (i.e., fruits, condiments, spices, etc.), available locally or easily accessible in close vicinity have been used for medicinal purpose. Twenty veterinarian experts on ethnoveterinary practices were engaged for scientific assessment of documented practices. According to experts, a total of 30 practices adopted by locals could be considered useful as it followed scientific basis, however rest 13 were not recommended due to lack of scientific rationale. This and similar studies documenting indigenous knowledge of remedy for animal ailments, may prove helpful in carrying out further scientific research and can lead to popularization of cheaper and more effective ethnoveterinary practices

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Aromatase activity in brain and ovary: Seasonal variations correlated with circannual gonadal cycle in the catfish, <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i></span>

527-537Seasonal variations in the aromatase activity in H. fossilis estimated by a microassay were correlated with the sex steroids, vitellogenin in and ovarian weight during circannual reproductive cycle. In the female catfish, aromatase activity was detectable in the hypothalamus throughout the year whereas in ovary only during active vitellogenesis. In the catfish, hypothalamic aromatase levels increased two times during annual gonadal cycle, once in a fully gravid fish and then in a reproductively quiescent fish. On the other hand, increase in the ovarian aromatase activity was observed only during vitellogenesis, which showed a direct correlation with plasma levels of sex steroids. Further, plasma levels of testosterone and estradiol suggested a precursor-product relationship. At the completion of vitellogenesis, ovarian aromatase activity declined sharply resulting in elevation of plasma testosterone levels, which in turn could be utilized as substrate by the hypothalamic aromatase whose activity was the highest in the postvitellogenic catfish. At least two isoforms of gene, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">cyp19a and cyp19b, coding for aromatase in ovary and brain respectively were expressed in the catfish. Aromatase activity was more concentrated in those areas of catfish brain, which have been implicated in the control of reproduction

Clinical Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Samples from COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections during the Second Wave among the Various States of India

From March to June 2021, India experienced a deadly second wave of COVID-19, with an increased number of post-vaccination breakthrough infections reported across the country. To understand the possible reason for these breakthroughs, we collected 677 clinical samples (throat swab/nasal swabs) of individuals from 17 states/Union Territories of the country who had received two doses (n = 592) and one dose (n = 85) of vaccines and tested positive for COVID-19. These cases were telephonically interviewed and clinical data were analyzed. A total of 511 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were recovered with genome coverage of higher than 98% from both groups. Analysis of both groups determined that 86.69% (n = 443) of them belonged to the Delta variant, along with Alpha, Kappa, Delta AY.1, and Delta AY.2. The Delta variant clustered into four distinct sub-lineages. Sub-lineage I had mutations in ORF1ab A1306S, P2046L, P2287S, V2930L, T3255I, T3446A, G5063S, P5401L, and A6319V, and in N G215C; Sub-lineage II had mutations in ORF1ab P309L, A3209V, V3718A, G5063S, P5401L, and ORF7a L116F; Sub-lineage III had mutations in ORF1ab A3209V, V3718A, T3750I, G5063S, and P5401L and in spike A222V; Sub-lineage IV had mutations in ORF1ab P309L, D2980N, and F3138S and spike K77T. This study indicates that majority of the breakthrough COVID-19 clinical cases were infected with the Delta variant, and only 9.8% cases required hospitalization, while fatality was observed in only 0.4% cases. This clearly suggests that the vaccination does provide reduction in hospital admission and mortality