Additional file 1: Table S1. of Baseline prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis at sentinel sites in Madagascar: Informing a national control strategy

Prevalence of S. haematobium infection according to school attendance in the respective study sites. Table S2. Prevalence of S. mansoni infection according to school attendance in the respective study sites. (DOCX 15 kb

Prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection and heavy infection (dashed) by treatment over time (9–12 year-old-cross section only) and by study arm with 95% CI.

<p>Each graph shows the change in prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection at each time point from baseline to Year 5 by study arm, with heavy intensity of infection also marked on the graph. Prevalence and heavy infection levels decrease over time in all arms, with the exception of arm 3 and 5 following two consecutive holiday years where infection levels appear to increase where communities were not treated for a two year period.</p

Summary of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection for years 1 and 5 by study arm (first-year students and adults).

<p>Summary of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection for years 1 and 5 by study arm (first-year students and adults).</p

Summary of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection from Baseline to Year 5 and study arm (9-to-12-year cross-section only).

<p>Summary of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection from Baseline to Year 5 and study arm (9-to-12-year cross-section only).</p

Prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection and heavy infection (dashed) by treatment over time (9–12 year-old-cross section only) and by study arm with 95% CI.

<p>Each graph shows the change in prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection at each time point from baseline to Year 5 by study arm, with heavy intensity of infection also marked on the graph. Prevalence and heavy infection levels decrease over time in all arms, with the exception of arm 3 and 5 following two consecutive holiday years where infection levels appear to increase where communities were not treated for a two year period.</p

Financial costs of treatment strategy.

<p>Financial costs of treatment strategy.</p

GEE logistic model to assess differences in prevalence and intensity of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection between Year 1 and Year 5 and between study arms for each cross-section (33,459 Observations).

<p>GEE logistic model to assess differences in prevalence and intensity of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection between Year 1 and Year 5 and between study arms for each cross-section (33,459 Observations).</p

Prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection and mean intensity by study arm at baseline and Year 5 for first-year students (aged 5-8-years) and adult cross section.

<p>Each graph shows the change in prevalence of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> infection and mean intensity, at baseline and Year 5, separated by study arm. There was large reduction in prevalence in both first-year students and adults from baseline to Year 5 across all study arms. Mean intensity of infection decreased in first-year students and adults in arm 1 and 2 only. In the remaining study arms (3–6), mean intensity levels increase from baseline to Year 5 in both first-year students and adults. It appears therefore that although the number of individuals infected reduces over time, the burden of infection in infected individuals seem to be heavier. It is not clear whether individuals harbouring a high parasite burden in such highly endemic populations are being re-infected each year, are more likely to be non-compliant in terms of taking the treatment, or if the parasites have developed resistance to treatment.</p

<i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> village-level prevalence across the ten survey districts in Cabo Delgado at baseline and Year 5.

<p>The <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> prevalence of each village has been colour coded on the map according to level of prevalence. At baseline there are a greater number of higher prevalence (coded dark red), particularly in those areas furthest from the coast. At Year 5, the prevalence levels of each village have been reduced (coded yellow and orange) across all districts and areas of the map. We created the map ourselves using QGIS and publicly available shapefiles from <a href="http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata" target="_blank">http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata</a>" to the figure caption in the manuscript.</p

Study arms for gaining control of Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) study [18].

<p>There are six different potential study arms, where by each arm received a four-year treatment strategy with varying combinations of community-wide treatment (CWT), school-based treatment (SBT) and “drug holidays” (i.e. where no treatment is given): Arm 1: Annual CWT, Arm 2: CWT-CWT- SBT-SBT, Arm 3: CWT-CWT- Holiday-Holiday, Arm 4: Annual SBT, Arm 5: SBT-SBT-Holiday-Holiday, Arm 6: SBT-Holiday-SBT-Holiday.</p