2,066 research outputs found
The brand equity: evidence on marketing investment
The author presents a model of the brand equity dimensions and how the model behaves if there are different marketing investments in the value of the brand. The goal of this research is to establish which dimensions and how they influence the brand equity performance in the researched industry in order to help development of more effective business strategies. The author studies an aggregate data set for 85 enriched juice brands in the Italian market. The enriched juice industry covers a broad category of healthy products, such as dietary, organic, functional and conventional juices with added value, etc. He found out that marketing investment, price, packaging and perceived quality were highly associated with the brand equity when it was analyzed from different approaches: as brand functional characteristics, brand name and producer name. The author discusses the managerial implication of the presented models as well as possible future research enhancements.brand management, marketing investment in brand, juice industry
A dynamic look-ahead Monte Carlo algorithm for pricing Bermudan options
Under the assumption of no-arbitrage, the pricing of American and Bermudan
options can be casted into optimal stopping problems. We propose a new adaptive
simulation based algorithm for the numerical solution of optimal stopping
problems in discrete time. Our approach is to recursively compute the so-called
continuation values. They are defined as regression functions of the cash flow,
which would occur over a series of subsequent time periods, if the approximated
optimal exercise strategy is applied. We use nonparametric least squares
regression estimates to approximate the continuation values from a set of
sample paths which we simulate from the underlying stochastic process. The
parameters of the regression estimates and the regression problems are chosen
in a data-dependent manner. We present results concerning the consistency and
rate of convergence of the new algorithm. Finally, we illustrate its
performance by pricing high-dimensional Bermudan basket options with
strangle-spread payoff based on the average of the underlying assets.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051607000000249 the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
A guide to time-resolved and parameter-free measures of spike train synchrony
Measures of spike train synchrony have proven a valuable tool in both
experimental and computational neuroscience. Particularly useful are
time-resolved methods such as the ISI- and the SPIKE-distance, which have
already been applied in various bivariate and multivariate contexts. Recently,
SPIKE-Synchronization was proposed as another time-resolved synchronization
measure. It is based on Event-Synchronization and has a very intuitive
interpretation. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the mathematical
properties of these three synchronization measures. For example, we were able
to obtain analytic expressions for the expectation values of the ISI-distance
and SPIKE-Synchronization for Poisson spike trains. For the SPIKE-distance we
present an empirical formula deduced from numerical evaluations. These
expectation values are crucial for interpreting the synchronization of spike
trains measured in experiments or numerical simulations, as they represent the
point of reference for fully randomized spike trains.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
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