Nutricioni i hormonalni faktori rastenja kalusnog tkiva graška

A callus tissue was obtained from an immature embryo of Meteor pea (Pisum sativum cv. Meteor) and its requirements for optimal growth were investigated. The tissue showed rather peculiar responses in respect to the concentration of mineral salts, to the carbohydrate used and to the kind of auxin supplied to the medium. Of the five mineral solutions tested, only two could support growth, in which the concentration of mineral salts was relatively high. It was not possible to show the specific role for any particular element. However, the stimulating effect of any ion was not evident, unless the content of potassium was increased at the same time. Sucrose was the best carbon source, while the tissue could not grow on media containing glucose or fructose. The addition of thiamine was necessary, while nicotinic acid had a beneficial effect. An absolute requirement for auxin was shown. Only the synthetic auxins could stimulate growth of the tissue, while IAA was almost ineffective. Cytokinins and gibberellic acid were not needed, but they considerably increased the weight of the tissue.Kalusna kultura tkiva graška (Pisum sativum L. cv. Meteor) dobijena je od nezrelog embriona i ispitivani su faktori neophodni za njeno optimalno rastenje. Od pet mineralnih rastvora samo dva, koji imaju relativno visoku koncentraciju mineralnih soli, mogu da stimuliraju rastenje. Nijedan elemenat posebno nema u tome specifičnu ulogu. Međutim, stimulativni efekat bilo kog jona opaža se samo ako je u isto vreme i koncentracija kalij uma povećana. Najbolji izvor ugljenika je saharoza, dok na rastvorima sa glukozom ili fruktozom tkiva ne mogu da rastu. Vitamin Bt je neophodan za rastenje, dok nikotinska kiselina ima povoljan efekat. Takođe je pokazano da je neophodno dodavati auksin. Međutim, samo sintetički auksini mogu da indukuju rastenje, a IAA je skoro sasvim neaktivna. Citokinini i giberelini nisu neophodni, ali znatno povećavaju težinu tkiva

Efficient genetic transformation of Lotus corniculatus L. using a direct shoot regeneration protocol, stepwise hygromycin B selection, and a super-binary Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector

Cotyledons from 6-day-old Lotus corniculatus cv. Bokor seedlings, transversally cut into two halves, were capa­ble of regenerating buds without intervening callus formation. The explants were co-cultivated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404/pTOK233 superbinary vector carrying the uidA-intron gene and the genes hpt and nptII. They were cultured for 14 days on a regeneration medium, then subjected to a stepwise hygromycin B selection procedure consisting of gradually increasing antibiotic concentrations (5-15 mg L-1) over 21 weeks. Transformed shoots were obtained within 5 months after co-cultivation. Out of 124 initially co-cultivated explants, 52 (42%) plants survived hygromycin B selection. The presence of transgenes in regenerated plants was verified by β-glucuronidase histochemical assays and PCR analysis for the presence of uidA gene sequences. Hygromycin B-resistant and PCR-positive T0 plants were cultured in the greenhouse to produce flowers and seeds. The obtained data demonstrate that the reported transformation protocol could be useful for introducing agriculturally important genes into the new L. corniculatus cultivar Bokor

Cytokinins and urea derivatives stimulate seed germination in Lotus corniculatus L.

We studied the effects of various cytokinins and urea derivatives on germination of aged seeds of in Lotus corniculatus L. The following substances were applied: N6-isoprenoid cytokinins (isopentenyl adenine and zeatin), adenine sulfate, N6-aromatic cytokinins (kinetin, benzyladenine) and their N9-ribosides, N-benzyl-9-(2- tetrahydropyranyl)adenine, and urea derivatives (diphenylurea, thidiazuron, and chloro-pyridyl phenylurea). With the exception of adenine sulfate, all cytokinins increased the percentage of seed germination up to twofold, depending on their kind and concentration. It is concluded that cytokinins may be among the missing factors in aged seeds of L. corniculatus contributing to the implementation of their full germination potential. They could be used to improve germination of both freshly harvested and aged seed samples, if necessary.

Drinking water quality in city of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina : case study

The paper presents the situation of system for public drinking water facilities “Waterworks” of Banja Luka city, including the current situation and new projects and facilities. The goal of the case study is to analyse and evaluate the results of basic physicochemical parameters of drinking water produced during the period of two years – 2013 and 2014. The data includes the seasonal sampling champagnes of two years, during the months January, April, Jul and October. It is important to have continual and controlled monitoring and evaluation of the wells, raw water wells and drinking water quality therefore it can be affected under negative impact of the dynamic natural change and anthropogenic activities. According to basic physicochemical parameters the population of Banja Luka is drinking water of good quality. During the research correlation and covariance of basic physicochemical parameters was evaluated

Titration to target dose of bisoprolol vs. carvedilol in elderly patients with heart failure: the CIBIS-ELD trial

AIMS: Various beta-blockers with distinct pharmacological profiles are approved in heart failure, yet they remain underused and underdosed. Although potentially of major public health importance, whether one agent is superior in terms of tolerability and optimal dosing has not been investigated. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the tolerability and clinical effects of two proven beta-blockers in elderly patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a double-blind superiority trial of bisoprolol vs. carvedilol in 883 elderly heart failure patients with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in 41 European centres. The primary endpoint was tolerability, defined as reaching and maintaining guideline-recommended target doses after 12 weeks treatment. Adverse events and clinical parameters of patient status were secondary endpoints. None of the beta-blockers was superior with regards to tolerability: 24% [95% confidence interval (CI) 20-28] of patients in the bisoprolol arm and 25% (95% CI 21-29) of patients in the carvedilol arm achieved the primary endpoint (P= 0.64). The use of bisoprolol resulted in greater reduction of heart rate (adjusted mean difference 2.1 b.p.m., 95% CI 0.5-3.6, P= 0.008) and more, dose-limiting, bradycardic adverse events (16 vs. 11%; P= 0.02). The use of carvedilol led to a reduction of forced expiratory volume (adjusted mean difference 50 mL, 95% CI 4-95, P= 0.03) and more, non-dose-limiting, pulmonary adverse events (10 vs. 4%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Overall tolerability to target doses was comparable. The pattern of intolerance, however, was different: bradycardia occurred more often in the bisoprolol group, whereas pulmonary adverse events occurred more often in the carvedilol group. This study is registered with controlled-trials.com, number ISRCTN34827306

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION WITH THE PROJECTION OF FDI INFLOW IN SERBIA UNTIL 2020

Foreign direct investments (FDI) are the core and essence of every economic policy of any country, both in theory and in practice. In other words, we have fresh capital which is placed through foreign direct investment on the one hand and on the other hand, we have equity owners who use the opportunity to place it with the aim to make a profit. The inflow of foreign direct investments in countries in transition is analyzed in this paper, with a special emphasis on Serbia with the projection of inflow movement by the year 2020 (the statistical method of a linear growth trend was applied); problems the countries in transition are faced with, legislative regulations, tax incentive

Effect of irradiance, sugars and nitrogen on leaf size of in vitro grown Ceratonia siliqua L.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has compound pinnate leaves consisting of 4 - 6 pairs of leaflets. However, in conditions of in vitro culture only one pair of leaflets develops. With increasing irradiance from 9.3 to 74.1 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), leaf area increased 5-fold. Sucrose also significantly increased leaf area and the maxima were at concentration 147 mM at high irradiance and 233.6 mM at low irradiance. Sucrose was superior to Fructose, glucose and combination of both in increasing leaf area. Decreasing concentration of KNO3 and NH4NO3 caused a 3-fold decline of leaf area.nul

2003-2004). Efficient genetic transformation of Lotus corniculatus L. and growth of transformed plants in the

Abstract — Cotyledons from 6-day-old Lotus corniculatus cv. Bokor seedlings, transversally cut into two halves, were capable of regenerating buds without intervening callus formation. The explants were co-cultivated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404/pTOK233 superbinary vector carrying the uidA-intron gene and the genes hpt and nptII. They were cultured for 14 days on a regeneration medium, then subjected to a stepwise hygromycin B selection procedure consisting of gradually increasing antibiotic concentrations (5-15 mg L-1) over 21 weeks. Transformed shoots were obtained within 5 months after co-cultivation. Out of 124 initially co-cultivated explants, 52 (42%) plants survived hygromycin B selection. The presence of transgenes in regenerated plants was verified by β-glucuronidase histochemical assays and PCR analysis for the presence of uidA gene sequences. Hygromycin B-resistant and PCR-positive T0 plants were cultured in the greenhouse to produce flowers and seeds. The obtained data demonstrate that the reported transformation protocol could be useful for introducing agriculturally important genes into the new L. corniculatus cultivar Bokor