Community stakeholders' knowledge in landscape assessments - Mapping indicators for landscape services

The results show that community involvement and participatory mapping enhance the assessment of landscape services. These benefits from nature demonstrate spatial clustering and co-existence, but simultaneously also a tendency for spatial dispersion, and suggest that there is far more heterogeneity and sensitivity in the ways the benefits are distributed in relation to actual land resources. Many material landscape service indicators are individually based and spatially scattered in the landscape. However, the well-being of communities is also dependent on the non-material services, pointing out shared places of social interaction and cultural traditions. Both material and non-material services are preferred closest to settlements where the highest intensity, richness and diversity are found. Based on the results, the paper discusses the role of local stakeholders as experts in landscape service assessments and implications for local level management processes. It can be pointed out that the integration of participatory mapping methods in landscape service assessments is crucial for true collaborative, bottom-up landscape management. It is also necessary in order to capture the non-utilitarian value of landscapes and sensitivity to cultural landscape services, which many expert evaluations of landscape or ecosystem services fail to do justice. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

A Bibliometric Study Of Research On Dar Es Salaam Region: 1980 To 2003

This bibliometric analysis examines research trends on Dar es Salaam region from 1980 to 2003. The study was carried out using CD-ISIS based Regional Bibliographic Database, hosted by the University of Dar es Salaam Library. The findings of the study show that: literature on Dar es Salaam is increasing exponentially; Medicine, Social Science and Humanities are the most productive disciplines; large proportion of research 1076 (62.8%) is unpublished; 58.8 % of authors are male, 32.19% are female; generally there is low level of authors' productivity and collaboration. New emerging research areas are: gender and women studies, electrical engineering, hydraulic engineering, mining engineering and geology. The study makes the following recommendations: researchers should be encouraged to publish their research findings in local and international journals; there is a need to mainstream gender in research in order to promote female researchers; research institutions should encourage multidisciplinary research and collaboration among researchers and more research need to be conducted on prevailing social problems in Dar es Salaam region. University of Dar Es Salaam Library Journal Vol. 9 (1) 2007: pp. 53-6