4 research outputs found
Analysis of incompatibility barriers during cross-pollinations among Phaseolus L. and other leguminous plants
Plant breeding is intended to seek for ways of realizing a genetic structure adapted to criteria and population needs. In this context, cross-pollinations are for great interest. They offer the means of creating a wide genotypic variability. However, a limited number of species are able to undergo hybridization studies. In Phaseolus L., improvement can be envisioned by either exploiting the primary genetic pool of the species, or the genetic variability of other species. In fact, there are wild or wild-like species more resistant to stresses or diseases than the cultivated ones. The methods of embryo rescues facilitate the interspecific crosses and contribute to exploiting the available genetic diversity within plant germplasm. Difficulties related to obtaining hybrids in grain legumes, and Phaseolus L. in particular, are reported in this research. It is possible to avoid the incompatibility barriers based on their appearance time. When they are pre-zygotic, the use of growth regulators during pollination is recommended. The in vitro explants culture is the most usual method to overcome the post-zygotic barriers. The mechanisms leading to abortion of hybrid embryos, as well as adequate methods to overcome the interspecific incompatibilities should be subjected to further studies.Keywords: Abortion, hybridization, interspecific barriers, Phaseolus L., plant embryos
Essai dâoptimisation de la production du palmier Ă huile (Elaeis guineensis J.) sur la base des donnĂ©es climatiques dans la rĂ©gion du sud-ouest Cameroun
LâĂ©tude vise Ă contribuer Ă lâestimation des productions du palmier Ă huile sur la base des donnĂ©es climatiques au Sud-Ouest du Cameroun. LâhypothĂšse de dĂ©part est que les fluctuations interannuelles des rendements sont dues aux variations climatiques. Les paramĂštres climatiques avec leurs modalitĂ©s et la production des rĂ©gimes de palme ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s dans la localitĂ© de LimbĂ©, sur 5 ans. La mise en Ă©videncedes fluctuations interannuelles des rendements du palmier Ă huile et des composantes climatiques a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie grĂące Ă une analyse de variance. Par contre, pour les composantes climatiques prises sur la mĂȘme annĂ©e, il nâexiste pas de coefficients de corrĂ©lation significatifs entre le rendement moyen et les variables Ă©tudiĂ©es. De ce fait, aucune rĂ©gression linĂ©aire simple nâa pu ĂȘtre dĂ©gagĂ©e entre ces variables et le rendement annuel du palmier Ă huile. Lâabsence de donnĂ©es continues sur une longue pĂ©riode explique cette limite. Les modĂšles de prĂ©diction des rendements thĂ©oriques du palmier Ă huile nâont donc pas Ă©tĂ© gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s. Il serait judicieux de mener davantage de prospections sur dâautres sites de palmier Ă huile. En outre, lâĂ©laboration de modĂšles multivariĂ©s traduisant les effets des paramĂštres climatiques sur les rendements du palmier Ă huile peut ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e.Mots-clĂ©s : Elaeais guineensis, modĂ©lisation, climat, Cameroun