Euro-African business partnership on the forefront: opportunities and challenges with case study of Photovoltaic converter business

Europe, a pioneer trader with Africa, has had a lot of opportunities to make a business partnership with Africa not only in natural goods but also in technology. Africa middle class has recently been growing and many people have been moving from rural areas to big cities. This makes Africa need more energy. Having the solar energy potentiality, Africa opts to use solar as source of energy which can intervene in different sectors such agri-business. This could be an opportunity for Europe to trade efficiently its PV and converter technology with Africa. The paper briefly shows that China has been dominating not only the industrial Africa market but also the labor jobs since 1990s. Furthermore, it presents the potentialities of Europe which can be exploited for PV converter business partnership with Africa. It presents that Europe can design some industrial products that meet the African climate condition and life style. In this document, development of a specific long life PV converter is considered and its financing and the total cost ownership are discussed

Identity Boundaries Construction and its Effects on Vulnerability in the case of a Historically Marginalized People (HMP) in Rwanda: An examination of their Access to Human Rights.

This paper contextualises the vulnerability of a Historically Marginalized people (HMP) referred to as the Batwa to explain how their moral inferiority resulting from the constructed microaggressions and attitudinal prejudices, jeopardize their full enjoyment and appreciation of human rights. The dilemmas experienced by the Batwa in Rwanda have until recently received little theoretical and empirical attention thereby disregarding ontological and epistemological distinction. This paper contributes to this lacuna by reviewing colonial discourse of histories and hegemonies and investigating ethnic socio-cultural practices and other mythical tales. The foregoing indicates a genuine need for the application of human rights approach to recognize and to empower the HMP. This paper responds to the question of whether identity boundaries sharpen or obscure vulnerabilities of HMP thereby presents a case study providing policy makers and other actors with information to develop structures and systems protecting their rights

Identity Boundaries Construction and its Effects on Vulnerability in the case of a Historically Marginalized People (HMP) in Rwanda: An examination of their Access to Human Rights.

This paper contextualises the vulnerability of a Historically Marginalized people (HMP) referred to as the Batwa to explain how their moral inferiority resulting from the constructed microaggressions and attitudinal prejudices, jeopardize their full enjoyment and appreciation of human rights. The dilemmas experienced by the Batwa in Rwanda have until recently received little theoretical and empirical attention thereby disregarding ontological and epistemological distinction. This paper contributes to this lacuna by reviewing colonial discourse of histories and hegemonies and investigating ethnic socio-cultural practices and other mythical tales. The foregoing indicates a genuine need for the application of human rights approach to recognize and to empower the HMP. This paper responds to the question of whether identity boundaries sharpen or obscure vulnerabilities of HMP thereby presents a case study providing policy makers and other actors with information to develop structures and systems protecting their rights