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    Lung Retransplantation with Positive Crossmatch in Primary Lung Transplantation Complicated by Antibody-Mediated Rejection

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    La hipertensi贸n arterial pulmonar (HAP) representa el 2,6% de los trasplantes pulmonares (TP), con una mediana de supervivencia condicional(desde los 30 d铆as del TP) de 9,8 a帽os. Son frecuentes, el rechazo celular agudo (ACR) y la disfunci贸n cr贸nica del injerto (CLAD),mientras que es infrecuente el rechazo mediado por anticuerpos (AMR). El retrasplante pulmonar (RTP) constituye el 4% del TP mundial,debido a complicaciones en la v铆a a茅rea, disfunci贸n primaria del injerto, ACR y CLAD. Mujer de 22 a帽os, portadora de HAP idiop谩tica(HAPI) desde el a帽o 2013, trasplantada bipulmonar (TBP) en enero de 2018. A los 16 meses present贸 neumon铆a adquirida en la comunidad.En una internaci贸n posterior, present贸 ACR y a pesar de pulsos de metilprednisolona, progres贸 a requerimientos de c谩nula de altoflujo y ventilaci贸n mec谩nica no invasiva hospitalaria, ca铆da del VEF1, y tomograf铆a de t贸rax con vidrio esmerilado difuso y engrosamientoirregular reticular del intersticio subpleural; interpret谩ndose como CLAD a predominio de s铆ndrome de bronquiolitis obliterante (BOS),con presencia de anticuerpos espec铆ficos contra el donante (DSA). En enero de 2020 se realiz贸 nuevo TP y ante cross-match positivo, serealiz贸 plasmaf茅resis y reposici贸n de IgG. Al mes del egreso, no se observaron signos de rechazo en control de biopsias transbronquiales.Entre 2 y 10% de los pacientes con indicaci贸n primaria de TP por HAPI son sometidos a retrasplante pulmonar (RTP). La presencia deDSA y el miss-match de HLA, no son contraindicaciones para el RTP.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents 2.6% of lung transplantations (LT), with a conditional median survival (from 30 days after LT) of 9.8 years. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) are common; whereas the antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is not. Lung retransplantation (LR) accounts for 4% of global LTs for complications in the airways, primary allograft dysfunction, ACR and CLAD. 22-year-old woman with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) since 2013, who underwent a double-lung transplantation (DLT) in January 2018. 16 months after transplantation she presented community-acquired pneumonia. During a subsequent hospitalization, she presented ACR. Despite the fact that she received pulse methylprednisolone, she required high-flow cannula therapy and hospital non-invasive mechanical ventilation; the FEV1 was reduced and she underwent a chest tomography with diffuse ground glass opacities and irregular reticular thickening of the subpleural interstitium; interpreting the predominance of BOS (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome) as CLAD, with presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA). In January 2020, she received a new DLT and due to a positive crossmatch, she was treated with plasmapheresis and IgG replacement. One month after hospital discharge, no signs of rejection were observed at the BTB (bone-patellar tendon-bone) control. Between 2 to 10% of patients with primary indication of LT for IPAH are subjected to lung retransplantation (LR). The presence of DSA and HLA (human leucocyte antigen) mismatch aren鈥檛 contraindications to LR.Fil: Calder贸n Soriano, Juan C.. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Nazzo, Mar铆a V.,. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: P茅rez P谩ez, Martha I.. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Virhuez, Yblin. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Balcazar, Jonathan. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Vicente, Luis. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ahumada, Rosal铆a. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Osses, Juan M.. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Vigliano, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient铆ficas y T茅cnicas. Oficina de Coordinaci贸n Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenier铆a. Fundaci贸n Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingenier铆a; ArgentinaFil: Bertolotti, Alejandro Mario. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Caneva, Jorge O.. Fundaci贸n Favaloro; Argentin
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