Comparision of speed and endurance between short and long distance runner of Kashmir Division

The main idea and aim of this comparative study is to assess and compare the speed and endurance among long distance and short distance athletes of Kashmir division. For this comparative study (60) subjects were selected, 30 athletes were long distance runner and 30 were short distance runner all were selected from Kashmir division city which were selected randomly from various disticte of Kashmir division for the study. The the statistical criteria used for selecting the subjects was through simple random sampling. All the athletes from both the categories were of the age ranged between 25-35 years. To compare and analyze the speed and endurance among long distance and short distance athletes of Kashmir division. Of the athletes of both the groups two different tests or equipments were used. For speed A digital Stop watch for recording the distance covered per unit time and for endurance Heart Rate count. Vo2max.  Bench for Cardiovascular was used. The comparison analysis of data was done by using statistical technique ‘t’- test for finding the significance difference speed and endurance of long and short distance runner of Kashmir division the level of significance was set at 0.05 levels (p<0.05). The calculated means and standard deviation of speed and endurance  of long distance distance athletes of Kashmir division selected variables of industrial inhabitants  viz. speed( 12.82 ± 1.07 endurance VO2 Max is ( 58.24 ± 7.25 )  and the findings means and standard deviation of selected  variables  of short distance atheletes of Kashmir division in speed (13.87± 2.93), endurance (448 ± 66.39), Hence the Non-industrial inhabitants were found with sound cardio respiratory capacities as compared to Industrial Inhabitants the difference might be due to the pollution of industries which directly or indirectly affects the population (people) residing in industrial area.  &nbsp

Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of lip cancer: a retrospective study from north India

Background: Aim of present study to evaluate the Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of Lip Cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in our hospital. All necessary clinical and epidemiological details of the 11 cases diagnosed with lip cancer from January 2016 to December 2021 were analysed. Results: The total number of new malignant cases diagnosed as lip cancer between January 2016 and December 2021 were 11, which comprised 6 male (55%) and 5 (45%) female. The male-to-female ratio was (1.2:1). The most common histological type was SCC, i.e., in 9 (81.8%) of the total number of cases and BCC was in 2 patients (18.2%). Overall survival at 5 years was 89% in our study. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have reported higher levels of lip cancer among men and those above 45 years of age. The important prognostic factors for overall survival in these patients were cancer stages. Better survival is achieved with surgery alone in the early stages and with adjuvant radiotherapy in the later stages

Comparative study of inhaled steroids versus inhaled steroids plus long acting beta agonists in childhood asthma: a randomized controlled study

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction causing considerable morbidity in paediatric population. The main objective of the study was to find out whether addition of long acting beta agonists to steroids provides better asthma control.Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was performed in children aged 6-15 years of age, with clinically stable and moderate persistent asthma.Results: The findings of this study indicate SABA use in Budesonide/formoterol group patients was significantly less compared to budesonide group patients (1.5±1.1 v/s 2.13±0.9, p-value 0.01). Both groups experienced decrease in night time symptoms and acute exacerbations however there was no significant difference between the two groups in these variables.Conclusions: This study showed addition of LABA to inhaled steroids in moderate persistent asthma provided better asthma control and LABA is mainly recommended to be used as add-on therapy for patients whose asthma is not controlled on low to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids

Clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile and treatment outcome of pituitary adenomas. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in the department of Radiation Oncology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, India, in which 30 cases diagnosed with pituitary adenoma from January 2016 to December 2021 were studied.  There clinical and epidemiological features, treatment, overall survival and follow-up data was analyzed. Results: Most patients were female in gender 17 (57%), and the incidence rate was higher in female patients than male. Microadenoma was seen in just 4 (13%) patients. Macroadenoma in 12 (40%) and giant tumours in 14 (47%). At three and five years, the overall survival rate was 92% and 83%, respectively. Additionally, patients who got adjuvant radiation had a higher overall survival rate (84% versus 76%, p=.833) than those who did not. Conclusions: Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for pituitary adenomas, able to achieve excellent disease control. Patients with pituitary adenomas should be identified at an early stage so that effective treatment can be implemented. Initial therapy is generally transsphenoidal surgery with irradiation reserved for patients who do not achieve adequate reduction in tumor size after surgery

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as the first presentation of CNS tuberculosis: report of a case with brief review

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) also known as post infectious encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically presents as a monophasic disorder associated with multifocal neurological symptoms and disability. It may follow vaccination in children or infection. Viral infection like measles, rubella, influenza, Epstein bar, HIV, herpes, cytomegalusvirus (CMV) and West Nile virus have been implicated in the causation. Among bacteria, group A hemolytic streptococcus, mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia, Rickettesia and leptospira have been shown to cause ADEM. There are few reports of ADEM due to tuberculosis (TB). We describe acute disseminated encephalomyelitis due to tuberculosis in a 35 year old female who initially started with neuropsychiatric manifestations and later developed florid neurological deficit and classical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions suggestive of the disease. The patient recovered completely after antitubercular therapy and is following our clinic for the last 12 months now

Dual-Energy Multidetector Computed Tomography: A Highly Accurate Non-Invasive Tool for in Vivo Determination of Chemical Composition of Renal Calculi

Introduction. Computed tomography is more accurate than excretory urography in evaluation of renal stones due to its high sensitivity and temporal resolution; it permits sub-millimetric evaluation of the size and site of calculi but cannot evaluate their chemical composition. Dual-energy computed tomography allows evaluating the chemical composition of urinary calculi using simultaneous image acquisition at two different energy levels. The objective of the research was to determine renal stone composition using dual-energy multidetector computed tomography, and its correlation with post-extraction chemical analysis of stones. Materials and Methods. This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging from September 2017 to March 2019. A total of 50 patients with urolithiasis at the age of 18-70 years were included in the study. Dual-energy computed tomography ratios of various stones were noted, and preoperative composition of calculi was given based on their colour and dual-energy computed tomography ratio. These results were compared with the post-extraction chemical analysis of stones (using Fourier infrared transform spectroscopy as the standard comparative method.) Results. The most common type of calculi in our study population was calcium oxalate stones (78%) followed by uric acid stones (12%), cystine stones (6%) and hydroxyapatite stones (4%). The dual-energy ratio of calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine and hydroxyapatite stones ranged from 1.38-1.59, 0.94-1.08, and 1.20-1.28 and 1.52-1.57, respectively, with the mean dual-energy ratio of 1.43, 1.01, 1.25 and 1.55, respectively. Dual-energy computed tomography was found to be 100% sensitive and specific for differentiating uric acid stones from non‑uric acid stones. The sensitivity and specificity in differentiating calcium oxalate calculus from non‑calcium oxalate calculus was 97.5% and 90.9%, respectively, with 96% accuracy and kappa value of 0.883 suggesting strong agreement. Conclusions. Dual-energy computed tomography is highly sensitive and accurate in distinguishing between various types of renal calculi. It has vital role in management as uric acid calculi are amenable to drug treatment, while most of non-uric acid calculi require surgical intervention

Role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy in haemoptysis: an analysis of 157 patients

Background: Objectives of this study were to define the role of fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in determining the etiology of haemoptysis, to determine whether bronchoscopy is useful in haemoptysis with normal chest x-ray, to determine whether early bronchoscopy is better than delayed bronchoscopy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 157 patients who presented with hemoptysis to the Department of Tuberculosis and Chest diseases. All these patients underwent FOB after taking proper history and examination and ruling out any contraindication to the procedure.Results: In patients with haemoptysis with normal CXR, a diagnosis was established in 54.5% by FOB while 38.6% had a normal bronchoscopy. An endoscopic diagnosis of bronchitis was made in 22.7% patients. In only 9.1% patients an endobronchial mass was seen on bronchoscopy, and all of them were more than 40 years of age. Active bleeding/bleeding site was localized in 18.1% patients. In patients with abnormal chest roentgenogram who underwent FOB, a definitive diagnosis was established in 75.4% cases with active bleeding/ bleeding site localized in 59.6%. Thirty five percent were having an endobronchial mass. Of all the patients who underwent FOB for recurrent haemoptysis, active bleeding/bleeding site was localized in 48.4% patients. Bleeding site was localized in 62.9% patients who underwent early FOB, while the yield was lower (29.4%) in patients who underwent delayed FOB.Conclusions: Fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is an important and useful investigation in patients of haemoptysis in determining the bleeding site and etiology of haemoptysis. Early FOB has higher yield in localizing the bleeding site than delayed FOB.

Role of Genetic Polymorphisms in Metastasis Suppressor Genes NME1 and MKK4 as Breast Cancer metastasis modifiers.

Breast cancer in women is a major health burden both in developed and developing countries and is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. Although, the risk of developing breast cancer is modified by environment, lifestyle, genetics and a combination of these factors, the principal factor contributing to cancer-related deaths in cancer patients is metastasis. A class of genes, known as metastasis suppressor genes which play an important role in metastasis have been identified. Malfunction of these genes due to somatic mutation or epigenetic modulations, can influence metastatic dissemination. Genetic polymorphisms in metastatic suppressor genes like NME1 and MKK4 are not well studied in breast cancer. Given the importance of metastasis in the prognosis of breast cancer it makes sense to study such genotypes and their possible association with aggressiveness as well as prognosis of the cancer. Hence we analyzed the relationship between NME1 and MKK4 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Kashmir, India.Digital copy of Thesis.University of Kashmir

Assessment of Risk Modifying Genotypes of EPHX1 in Kashmiri Population for Esophageal Cancer

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Association of a Chromosomal Susceptibility Locus to Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD): A case-control study in Kashmir

The etiology of bipolar disorder (BPAD) is still unknown, but family, twin, and adoption studies strongly suggest the involvement of genetic risk factors. Linkage studies have revealed a number of loci to be linked with BPAD. Of those, several investigators confirmed 18p11 as one of the susceptibility loci for BPAD. Thus, chromosome 18p11 is one of the targets of the genetic association study of BPAD. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the tandem repeat polymorphism in D18S452 microsatellite marker at locus 18p11.2 is a risk factor for the development of BPAD in Kashmiri population. The repeat polymorphism in D18S452 was evaluated in 74 patients with BPAD and 74 control (age, sex and region matched) individuals. The repeat polymorphism was evaluated by PCR analysis of DNA obtained from the blood of the subjects. We observed that the tandem repeat (300bp*) allele frequency was found to be 1.35 % in the controls and 8.108% in cases. The tandem repeat (250bp*) allele frequency was found to be in 91.89% in cases and 98.65% in controls. The 252bp/252bp genotype was found to be present in 89.18% of the cases and 98.64% of the controls, the 300bp/300bp genotype in 5.40% of cases and 1.35% of controls and the 252bp/300bp variant in 5.40% of the cases and none among the controls. It was observed that although the proportion of patients homozygous for the tandem repeat (300bp/300bp) was higher in cases than in controls, the difference was not statistically significant when using 252bp/252bp genotype as a reference (OR= 4.4242; 95% CI, 0.4822-40.5924); P = 0.1529). However, it was observed that the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (252bp/300bp) when compared with 252bp/252bp showed statistical significance (OR=8.0603; 95% CI, 1.1112-58.4646; P = 0.0383). Chromosome 18 harbors many candidate genes that are involved in the pathophysiology of BPAD. It may be possible that this marker is directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of neighboring genes. It is also possible that this locus may be in linkage disequilibrium with other genes. Although, this is the first study reporting the association of the marker D18S452 in heterozygous condition (252bp/300bp) with BPAD. Yet, it would be too early to associate this genotype with the predisposition to BPAD. Therefore, further studies with larger sample size should be carried to validate the result, taking into account the various disease phenotypes, endophenotypes and environmental conditions