Accelerating Agriculture and Rural Development for Inclusive Growth: Policy Implications for Developing Asia

Developing Asia stands witness to the impact of economic growth on poverty reduction. The incomes and quality of life for many people have improved and poverty levels are falling. But results vary with rural growth lagging behind urban growth in many countries and subregions. Two thirds of the region’s 3 billion people live in rural areas, and in India, for example, 74 percent of people classified as poor are in rural areas (ADB 2004). The difference in urban and rural growth and poverty outcomes is socially and politically untenable, as witnessed in the recent election in India. Rural poverty problems in many cases become urban poverty problems through rising pressure on cities to absorb rural migrants needing jobs, homes, and services. Pre-1980s, the rural economic problem was commonly seen as undersupply of affordable food and raw materials to support industrialization as the engine of rapid growth. The strategy greatly influenced the design and choice of public policies. Overvalued exchange rates were intended to help new industries establish domestic markets and lower costs of imported materials, but lowered the domestic currency earnings for farmers in export markets. Administered food prices lowered consumer prices but lowered returns to farmers as well. Agricultural commodities and land were heavily taxed to force the transfer of resources out of rural areas. Farm input subsidies encourage production of food crops but lead to resource wastage, and often benefit well-to-do farmers. Such policy biases lower agriculture’s terms of trade, distort market signals, and undermine agricultural growth (Krueger 1992).In the above back setting. An attempt is made to briefly outlines the potential for agriculture and rural development as a critical force for inclusive growth and sustained poverty reduction and reviews experiences in the Asian region with agriculture in economic transformation. It highlights major policy challenges for accelerating agriculture and rural development. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i06.00

FACETS OF NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR RAINFED AGRICULTURE: A PARADIGM SHIFT IS IMPERATIVE

Spanning several agro-ecological regions constituting 60% of total cropped area. The rain fed areas represent the geography with the largest concentration of poverty and backwardness. The cumulative neglect of the rainfed areas over the earlier plan periods in terms of institutional development, support systems, availability of appropriate inputs, credit, market access, agricultural research and extension has caused widespread desperation amongst farming community. Rain fed agriculture supports an estimated 40% of population (484 million) and has a large share of cropped area under rice (42%), pulses (77%), oilseeds (66%) and coarse cereals (85%). Harboring about 78% of cattle, 64% of sheep and 75% of goats rain fed areas cater to most part of the meat market in the country. In the light of the above, this paper made an attempt to briefly review the performance of Rain fed agriculture and critically examine the role of Livestock, Fisheries and Horticulture as a key component of rural livelihoods in rain fed regions and finally it also strongly advocates the hidden potential of Management of Common Pool Resources (CPRs) is an essential part of natural resource management in rain fed areas. Article visualizations

Organic Agriculture in Rural Development: A Paradigm Shift

The role of Organic Farming in India Rural Economy can be leveraged to mitigate the ever-increasing problem of food security in India. With rapid industrialization of rural states of India, there has been a crunch for farmland. Further, with the exponential population growth of India, the need for food sufficiency has become the need of the hour. Furthermore, the overuse of plant growth inhibitor, pesticides and fertilizers for faster growth of agricultural produce is detrimental to human health and the environment as a whole. The proposition of Organic Farming in India Rural Economy holds good, as an alternative to arrest this problem. Rural development policy of India can be featured by multispectral and integrated approach. The introduction of the process of Organic Farming in India's Rural Economy is a very new concept. Against this backdrop, this paper made an attempt to critically analyses the role of organic farming in rural development further it also examine the global and Indian scenario trends of organic farming at the country and global level

Tri-tert-butylcarboxyphthalocyanines, uses thereof and a process for their preparation

Substituted carboxyphthalocyanines (I), wherein both the tert-butyl and carboxyl groups located in the four isoindole rings are located independently in any of the four positions of the corresponding benzene ring of each isoindole ring, its regioisomers and mixtures thereof, can be used in the manufacture of organic and hybrid solar cells or as a photoactive dyes for molecular photovoltaic devices

ABAB Phthalocyanines: Scaffolds for Building Unprecedented Donor-​π-​Acceptor Chromophores

Unique donor-​π-​acceptor phthalocyanines have been synthesized through the asym. functionalization of an ABAB phthalocyanine, crosswise functionalized with two iodine atoms through Pd-​catalyzed cross-​coupling reactions with adequate electron-​donor and electron-​acceptor moieties. These push-​pull mols. have been optically and electrochem. characterized, and their ability to perform as chromophores for dye-​sensitized solar cells has been tested