Phytoremediation using an indigenous crop plant (wheat): The uptake of methyl parathion and metabolism of P-nitrophenol

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for degradation of organophosphate pesticides. Rhizofiltration, soil microorganisms and rhizosphere play an important role in phytoremediation. For this purpose, experiments were carried out to analyze the pesticide uptake by plants and residue in the soil under controlled and experimental conditions. Organophosphate pesticide binds to both organic matter and antibiotic streptomycin. Streptomycin inhibits the activity of the enzyme (p-nitrophenol 4-hydroxylase) extracted from root and shoot. The results obtained from UVvisible spectrophotometer were confirmed by HPLC analysis. Wheat plants enhanced uptake/degradation of methyl parathion, p-nitrophenol and hydroquinone in unsterilized soil by 64.85%, 94.7% and 55.8% respectively. Methyl parathion hydrolyzes to p-nitrophenol, which is further metabolized to hydroquinone with nitrite release. The enzyme pnitrophenol 4-hydroxylase is active as evidenced by release of nitrite by leaf and root extracts and also by the appearance of hydroquinone in the reaction mixture

Incidence of Varus Malalignment Post Interlocking Nail in Proximal Femur Shaft Fractures Comparing Two Types of Entry Points

INTRODUCTION: Osteosynthesis of the femur using an interlocking nail is the gold standard for treating diaphyseal fractures of the femur. There are two established entry points for the antegrade interlocking nails which is the piriformis fossa or the greater trochanter. It has been reported that varus malalignment was frequently seen in proximal femur fracture which were treated with interlocking nail utilizing the greater trochanter entry point. The study was done to find out if the problem was of significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study which included 179 patients with femur fractures which were treated from January 2013 till September 2015 in one Hospital. They were treated with interlocking nail either by utilizing the piriformis fossa (PF) or the greater trochanter (GT) entry points. Post-operative radiographs of the femur were used to measure the varus deformity. RESULTS: Out of 179 patients, there were 5 patients who were reported to have unacceptable varus malalignment (2.79%). These 5 patients were out of the 88 (5.68%) patients utilizing the greater trochanter as the entry point. The same 5 patients were out 90 patients that were diagnosed with proximal femur shaft fractures (5.55%). Analysis with logistic regression was statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: There was higher rate of varus malalignment seen in proximal femur shaft fractures treated with interlocking nails utilizing the greater trochanter entry point. The incidence of varus malalignment was not significant statistically

Removal of Lead from Groundwater of Veppanthattai block, Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu, India using Sugarcane Bagasse as Adsorbent

The present work measures the adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse to remove excess lead from groundwater. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium, and the effects of four parameters (pH, adsorbent dosage, equilibrium time and particle size) on the adsorption of lead were investigated. Characterization of the adsorbent was carried out through SEM and FTIR instruments. Results confirm that the adsorption of lead takes place successfully on the surface of the adsorbent. The maximum efficiency of adsorption is up to 50% achieved in 5g adsorbent dosage, at an optimum pH 5, with a contact time of 120 minutes and 53 μm adsorbent size at 38

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration of Groundwater in Veppanthattai Block, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu

The current study was aimed to find out the heavy metal concentration of groundwater in the Veppanthattai block. Here, 45 water samples from different sites were collected during the year 2015 at post monsoon, and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn heavy metal content was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), The obtained results were then compared with the WHO standard for the specific highest pollution level. Accordingly, some or all water samples are above the permissible limit, particularly for Cd metal (all samples). The elevated concentration of cadmium in water samples of the study area may be due to agricultural runoff, as pesticides and cadmium-containing fertilizer have been used. The study showed that without proper treatment, the groundwater of the study area is not suitable for domestic applications

TO STUDY THE HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MANIPUR

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcoholic liver disease or alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is damage to the liver caused by excessive alcohol consumption, resulting in serious and life-threatening complications such as cirrhosis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy and malignancy. Liver cirrhosis is defined as diffuse hepatic fibrosis with replacement of normal liver architecture by nodules. There are also lesser known sequalae including suppression of hematopoiesis due to its toxic effects, hypersplenism and nutritional deficiencies of folic acid and other vitamins. Anemia, leukocytosis, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia occurs in ALD. Most of these hematological parameters are underdiagnosed and understudied. Hence, Manipur being a high ALD prevalence state necessitates this study to evaluate the hematological profile in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and to determine the association between various hematological parameters and different Model of End stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur from January 2021 to October 2022.Alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients above 18 years attending Medicine OPD, Liver clinic and those admitted in Medicine ward were enrolled. Blood samples for complete Hemogram, liver function test, kidney function test, prothrombin time, INR, serology (HbsAg, Anti HCV Ab, HIV 1&2) and ANA were collected. Ultrasound whole abdomen and Chest X ray were done whenever indicated. Different types of anemia, leucopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia in different groups of MELD scores were studied.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> A total of 146 alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients were enrolled in our study. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 48.63±10.00 years with majority males (91.8%). Anemia detected in >95% of the patients. Severe anemia was detected in 31.5%, moderate anemia in 49.3% and mild anemia in 15.1%. Most of them (47.9%) had leucocytosis and thrombocytopenia was seen in 78.1% patients. Prolonged PT was seen           </p><p>in 89.1% of the patients and elevated INR present in 69.9% of patients. Majority of patients had MELD score between 10-19 and 20-29 (34.2% each). Only 4.1% had MELD score > 40. There is statistically significant association between MELD score of the patients with severity of anemia (p<0.05) and leucocyte count while it is not significant with thrombocytopenia (p=0.139).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The prevalence of anemia in the present study was found to be 94.9% with predominant normocytic normochromic anemia (71.2%). There is significant association between MELD score of the patients with severity of anemia and leukocytosis while association with thrombocytopenia was insignificant. This study can now determine the stage at which emergent intervention could help in the recovery and effectively reduce morbidity and mortality of alcoholic cirrhosis patients. </p&gt