Imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligands in alkali and alkaline earth metal coordination spheres - heterocubane core to polymeric structural motif formation

The synthesis and isolation of two potassium, one lithium and two calcium complexes of imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligands [ImRNCON(H)Ph] [(R = tBu (1a); Mes (1b) and Dipp (1c); Mes = mesityl, Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl] are described. Potassium complexes, [{κ2-(ImMesNCONPh)K}4] (2b) and [{κ3-(ImDippNCONPh)K}2{KN(SiMe3)2}2]n (2c), were prepared in good yields by the reactions of 1b and 1c, respectively, with potassium bis(trimethyl)silyl amide at ambient temperature in toluene. Lithium complex [{(2,6-tBu2-4-Me-C6H2O)Li(ImtBuNCON(H)Ph)}2{ImtBuNCON(H)Ph}] (3a) was isolated by a one-pot reaction between 1a and LiCH2SiMe3, followed by the addition of 2,6-tBu2-4-Me-C6H2OH in toluene. Calcium complex [{κ2-(ImtBuNCONPh)Ca{N(SiMe3)2}-{KN(SiMe3)2}]n (4a) was isolated by the one-pot reaction of 1a with [KN(SiMe3)2] and calcium diiodide in THF at ambient temperature. The solid-state structures of ligand 1a and complexes 2b, 2c, 3a and 4a were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It was observed that potassium was coordinated to the oxygen atom of urea group and to the nitrogen atom of the imidazolin-2-imine group, in the solid-state structure of 2b. In complex 4a, the calcium ion was ligated to the monoanionic imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand in a bi-dentate (κ2) fashion through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the isocyanate building block leaving the imidazolin-2-imine fragment uncoordinated. In the solid state of the potassium complex 2c, tri-dentate (κ3) coordination from the imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand was observed through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the isocyanate building block and of the imidazolin-2-imine fragment. In contrast, in the dimeric lithium complex 3a, the neutral imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand was bound to the lithium centre in a mono-dentate fashion (κ1) through an oxygen atom of the isocyanate moiety. It is to be noted that in each complex thus observed, the elongated carbon-nitrogen bond distances indicate substantial electron delocalisation from the imidazole ring to the ureate group present in ligand 1

Electro-optical properties of an orthoconic liquid crystal mixture (W-182) and its molecular dynamics

We observed that the perfect dark state problem could be solved by using orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystal (OAFLC) instead of normal AFLC by comparing the properties of isocontrast and dispersion chromaticity of W-182 OAFLC and normal AFLC CS-4001. We electro-optically observed that several subphases such as SmCγ*, SmC*β, SmC*α and antiferroelectric SmI*A phases exist in W-182 OAFLC. We dielectrically observed in 4 μm thin cell that during heating, several new phases appeared. In the high temperature antiferroelectric region, a higher order than SmC* phase could be detected dielectrically, in the temperature range of 91–98 °C, behaving similar to SmCγ* and also, another phase below SmC* region could be dielectrically detected in the temperature range of 103–1100 °C, behaving similar to SmCα*, and an antiferroelectric, similar to SmIA* phase, was observed in the lower temperature region of the antiferroelectric phase; those are definitely arising due to surface force and interfacial charges interactions. We observed both PH and PL relaxation modes in both cells, although they differed in their strength and relaxation frequency. We studied extensively our observations of PH and PL modes in the antiferroelectric region, a Goldstone mode in the ferroelectric region and a soft mode in the ferroelectric region and SmA* phases

Nickel(II) complexes having Imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylurea ligand in the coordination sphere - Syntheses and solid state structures

We report the syntheses and structural studies of two nickel(II) complexes of imidazol-2-ylidene- N′-phenylureate ligand of composition [{Im tBuNCON(H)Ph}2Ni(acac)2](1) and [(C6H5NH2)2Ni(acac)2][ImMes NCON(H)Ph] (2). The nickel complex 1 was readily prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2] with imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand [Im tBuNCON(H)Ph] (L1) in THF under reflux condition for 72 h. The nickel complex 2 was obtained by the reaction of [Ni(acac)2], mesityl derivative of imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand [Im MesNCON(H)Ph] (L2) in the presence of aniline as base under reflux condition in THF. Both the paramagnetic complexes have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Solid-state structures of both the new complexes were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2, each nickel(II) ion is six fold coordinated and form a distorted octahedral geometry. The optical properties of both complexes have been explored. The Hirshfeld surfaces are used to view and analyze the intermolecular contacts in crystalline state for complex 2

Synthesis and solid state structures of Chalcogenide compounds of Imidazolin-2-ylidene-1,1-Diphenyl-phosphinamine

We report the synthesis and solid state structures of 1,3-di-aryl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-1,1-diphenylphosphinamine [(aryl = mesityl (1a) and aryl = 2,6-diisopripyl (1b)] and their chalcogenide compounds 1, 3-di-aryl-imidazolin-2-ylidine- P,P-diphenylphosphinicamide (2a,b), 1,3-di-aryl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinothioicamide (3a,b) and 1,3-diaryl-imidazolin-2-ylidine- P,P-diphenyl-phosphinoselenoic-amide (4a,b). The compounds 1a,b were prepared in good yield by the reaction of 1,3-di-aryl-imidazolin-2-imine and chlorodiphenylphosphine in the presence of triethylamine in toluene. The reactions of 1a,b with elemental sulphur and selenium afforded the corresponding chalcogenide compounds 3a,b and 4a,b respectively. The corresponding oxo- derivative (2a,b) was obtained by reacting compound 1a,b with 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide in THF. The molecular structures of 1a, 2a, 3a and 4a,b have been established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The molecular structures reveal that even C1–N1–P1 angle (124.62 ∘) in compound 1a is less obtuse compared to the corresponding C1–N1–Si1 angles (157.8 ∘) observed in related N-silylated 2-iminoimidazolines and trimethylsilyl iminophosphoranes. C1–N1–P1 angles are further widened in compounds 2a, 3a, and 4a,b due to the attachment of chalcogen atoms onto phosphorus atom

Alkali Metal Complexes Having Sterically Bulky Bis-Iminopyrrolyl Ligands – Control of Dimeric to Monomeric Complex

We report the syntheses and structural diversity of three different bis-iminopyrrole ligands and their alkali metal (Li, Na, K) complexes featuring a shift from dimeric to monomeric nature by a simple tuning of the steric control of the imine nitrogen substitutions. The bis-iminopyrrole ligands having molecular formula [(ArN=CH)2C4H2NH] [Ar = CHPh2 (1-H), Ad (2-H), Ad = adamentyl, and CPh3 (3-H)], were prepared through the reaction of 2,5-pyrrole-dicarbaldehyde with corresponding amines (ArNH2) in 1:2 molar ratio and under acidic conditions. Using ligand 1-H, the lithium [{Li(Ph2CHN=CH)2C4H2N}2] (1-Li), sodium [{Na(Ph2CH-N=CH)2C4H2N}2(THF)] (1-Na) and potassium [{3-(Ph2CHN=CH)2C4H2N}-K(THF)2] (1-K) complexes were obtained through either alkane elimination (for Li) or amine elimination (for Na, K). The alkali metal complexes [{2-(Ph3CHN=CH)2C4H2N}M(THF)n] [n = 2, M = Li (3-Li), Na (3-Na); n = 3, M = K (3-K)] were synthesized using the ligand 3-H. Molecular structures of ligands 1-3-H, and alkali metal complexes 1-Li, 1-Na, 1-K, 3-Li, 3-Na and 3-K, in solid state were established. The complexes 1-Li and 1-Na were found to be dimeric in the solid state whereas the complexes 1-K, 3-Li, 3-Na and 3-K were all monomeric – either due to a larger ionic radius (for 1-K) or because of the presence of the bulky triphenylmethyl group in the imine nitrogen

Functionalisation of Imidazolin-2-imine to Corresponding Phosphinamine, Chalcogenide (O, S, Se, Te), and Borane Compounds

1,3-Di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-1,1-diphenylphosphinamine (2) was prepared from 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-imine (1) and chlorodiphenylphosphine. Compound 2 was treated further with elemental sulfur, selenium, and tellurium to afford the corresponding chalcogenide derivatives, 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinothioicamide (4), 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinoselenoicamide (5), and 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinotelluroicamide (6) in good yield. 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenylphosphinicamide (3) was obtained by dissolving compound 2 in hydrochloric acid solution in THF. The corresponding borane adduct, 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolin-2-ylidine-P,P-diphenyl-phosphinaminoborane (7) was isolated by the reaction of compound 2 and sodium borohydride in good yield. The molecular structures of compounds 2 and 4–7 were established by X-ray diffraction analyses. To analyse the electronic structure of chalcogenides of imidazolin-2-imine ligands, the protonation energies of the oxygen, sulfur, and selenide derivative of ligand 2 were calculated by means of density functional theory. Finally, the charge distribution in compounds 3, 4, and 5 were determined using natural bond orbital analysis