Studies On the Role of Fungal Strains in Bioremediation of Dyes Isolated from Textile Effluents

Fungal strains are widely used for the cleaning of soil, sediments, groundwater, surface water, and the ecosystem. The presence of extracellular enzymes in fungi facilitates the process of bioremediation of textile dyes. This study was conducted to observe the quality of water being released from textile dyes industries and also the capability of some fungal strains which can remediate these dyes by showing the tendency of their resistance. Samples of water were collected from the polluted area surrounding the textile dyeing industries in Lahore. In the process of isolation, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to verify the fungal growth. Fungal strains were purified, and the morphological characterization of fungal strains was carried out at 10X and 100X by using a magnification microscope. The fungal strains, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillusoryzae, and Aspergillusflavus were identified. The stress of four types of dyes was given to each fungal strain. The results showed that Aspergillusoryzae was one of the most stable, non-toxic, and resistant fungal species against the high stress of dyes as compared to other specie

N-[(E)-4-Chloro­benzyl­idene]-2,3-dimethyl­aniline

In the title compound, C15H14ClN, the conformation about the C=N bond is trans and the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 51.48 (4)°. In the crystal, some very weak C—H⋯π inter­actions may help to establish the packing

Effectiveness of implementation of standard clinical pathway through healthcare professionals among acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing angiography / angioplasty in a public tertiary care hospital, Karachi

Objective: To assess the effect of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway among acute myocardial infarction patients on length of stay in public tertiary care setting.Methods: The quasi-experimental non-randomised study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Dr Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from September to December 2018, and comprised acute myocardial infarction patients. Those admitted before the implementation of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway formed the control group, while those admitted after the implementation were in the intervention group. Acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway was implemented and the interventional clinical practices of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, postgraduates, residents, nurses and critical care technicians, were assessed using a standard checklist. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.Results: Of the 100 participants, 50(50%) were in the control group; 31(62%) males and 19(38%) females. The intervention group also had 50(50%) patients; 35(70%) males and 15(30%) females. Regarding effectiveness of the implementation of standard clinical pathway, length of hospital stay reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.003).Conclusions: The implementation of acute myocardial infarction standard clinical pathway reduced the length of hospital stay of acute myocardial infarction patients

N-{(E)-[4-(Dimethyl­amino)­phen­yl]methyl­idene}-2,3-dimethyl­aniline

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H20N2, in which the dihedral angles between the aromatic rings are 30.34 (11) and 41.44 (8)°. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions may help to establish the packing

(2Z)-2-[(2,3-Dimethyl­phen­yl)imino]-1,2-diphenyl­ethanone

In the title compound, C22H19NO, the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic group is planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0226 Å. The phenyl rings with the carbonyl and imine substituents are also planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0019 and 0.0048 Å, respectively. These phenyl rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 74.70 (5) and 79.43 (5)°, respectively, with the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic group, whereas the dihedral angle between them is 88.28 (4)°. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding occurs and completes an S(5) ring motif in the mol­ecule. In the crystal, weak π–π inter­actions are present between the carbonyl-containing phenyl rings at a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5958 (12) Å. C—H⋯π inter­actions between the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic and the carbonyl-containing phenyl rings are also present, where the C—H group is from the former

(E)-1-(4-Meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)-2-phenyl­hydrazine

In the title compound, C14H14N2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 9.30 (6)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯π and N—H⋯π inter­actions

2-Hy­droxy-5-{[(E)-4-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene]aza­nium­yl}benzoate

In the title zwitterion, C15H13NO4, obtained from the condensation of 5-amino­salicylic acid and 4-meth­oxy­benz­alde­hyde, the 4-hydoxyanilinic group of the 5-amino­salicylic acid moiety and the 4-meth­oxy­benzaldehyde moiety are twisted with respect to one another, making a dihedral angle of 10.37 (7)°. The carboxyl­ate group makes a dihedral angle of 5.7 (2)° with the parent 4-hydoxyanilinic group. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R 2 1(7) ring motifs link the mol­ecules into infinite chains extending along the c axis. The occurence of slipped π–π stacking between symmetry-related aromatic rings reinforces the packing

(E)-1-(2-Nitro­benzyl­idene)-2-phenyl­hydrazine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H11N3O2, contains two mol­ecules with slightly different conformations: the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 13.01 (10)° in one mol­ecule and 14.05 (10)° in the other. Both mol­ecules feature short intra­molecular C—H⋯O contacts, which generate S(6) rings. In the crystal, both mol­ecules form inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, thereby generating R 2 2(16) rings

4-Chloro-N-[(E)-(3,4-dimeth­oxy­phen­yl)methyl­idene]aniline

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H14ClNO2, contains two mol­ecules with significantly different conformations: the dihedral angles between the 4-chloro­aniline and 3,4-dimeth­oxy­phenyl (excluding C atoms) moieties are 19.68 (7) and 45.54 (4)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions

(E)-2,3-Dimethyl-N-(2-nitro­benzyl­idene)aniline

In the title compound, C15H14N2O2, the 2,3-dimethyl­anilinic and benzaldehyde groups are planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0101 and 0.0241 Å, respectively, and are oriented at a dihedral angle of 11.69 (3)°. The nitro group is inclined to the benzaldehyde group by 34.02 (9)°. The mol­ecule adopts an E configuration about the C=N bond. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯O inter­actions, giving rise to the formation of zigzag polymeric chains extending along [010]. They are also linked by C—H⋯π, and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.7185 (11) Å] involving symmetry-related aniline and benzene rings. The H atoms of the ortho-methyl group are disordered over two sites with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.69 (2):0.31 (2)