Learning Representations from Spatio-Temporal Distance Maps for 3D Action Recognition with Convolutional Neural Networks

This paper addresses the action recognition problem using skeleton data. In this work, a novel method is proposed, which employs five Distance Maps (DM), named as Spatio-Temporal Distance Maps (ST-DMs), to capture the spatio-temporal information from skeleton data for 3D action recognition. Among five DMs, four DMs capture the pose dynamics within a frame in the spatial domain and one DM captures the variations between consecutive frames along the action sequence in the temporal domain. All DMs are encoded into texture images, and Convolutional Neural Network is employed to learn informative features from these texture images for action classification task. Also, a statistical based normalization method is introduced in this proposed method to deal with variable heights of subjects. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated on two datasets: UTD MHAD and NTU RGB+D, by achieving recognition accuracies91.63% and 80.36% respectively

(E)-N′-[(E)-3-(4-Hydr­oxy-3-methoxy­phen­yl)allyl­idene]isonicotinohydrazide

In the title compound, C16H15N3O3, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 7.66 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter­molecular C—H⋯O and O—H⋯N inter­actions, which link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains propagating along [010]. The chains are further linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H⋯O, C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Bis{(E)-N′-[2,4-bis(trifluoro­meth­yl)benzyl­idene]isonicotinohydrazide} monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C15H9F6N3O·H2O, contains two independent Schiff base mol­ecules and one water mol­ecule. Both Schiff base mol­ecules exist in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bonds and the dihedral angles between the benzene and the pyridine rings in the two mol­ecules are 17.53 (12) and 20.62 (12)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into infinite one-dimensional chains along the a axis. In addition, inter­molecular O—H⋯N, O—H⋯F, C—H⋯F and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link these chains into a three-dimensional network. Weak π–π inter­actions with centroid–centroid distances in the range 3.6495 (17)–3.7092 (16) Å are also observed

(E)-N′-(2,4,6-Trimethyl­benzyl­idene)isonicotinohydrazide

The title isoniazid derivative, C16H17N3O, exists in an E configuration with respect to the Schiff base C=N bond. The pyridine ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.009 (3) Å]. The mean plane through the hydrazide unit forms dihedral angles of 38.38 (16) and 39.42 (16)°, respectively, with the pyridine and benzene rings. In the crystal structure, symmetry-related mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along [100]. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

(E)-N’-(2,3,4-Trimethoxy­benzyl­idene)isonicotinohydrazide

In the title compound, C16H17N3O4, the mol­ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The mol­ecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings being 71.67 (8)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the b axis by bifurcated N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These chains are linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions

(E)-N′-(2-Benzyl­oxybenzyl­idene)isonicotinohydrazide methanol solvate monohydrate

The title compound, C20H17N3O2·CH4O·H2O, was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-benzyl­oxybenzaldehyde with isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide). The tricyclic compound displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 8.83 (7) and 70.39 (8)° with the pyridine ring and the terminal benzene ring, respectively. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the terminal benzene ring is 73.11 (8)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, O—H⋯(N,N) and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network perpendicular to the a axis

(E)-N′-(2,4,6-Trihydroxy­benzyl­idene)isonicotinohydrazide sesquihydrate

In the title compound, C13H11N3O4·1.5H2O, the pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 1.50 (6)° with the benzene ring. An intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond forms a six-membered ring with an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal structure, one water mol­ecule is disordered over two positions around an inversion centre with site-occupancy factors of 0.5. Inter­molecular O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidate the structure into a three dimensional network. A π–π stacking inter­action with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.5949 (7) Å is also present

Groundwater Potential Mapping in a Part of Malaprabha River Basin using Remote Sensing Data and Geographic Information System (GIS)

The objective of this study is to explore the groundwater availability for agriculture in a part of Malaprabha river basin. Remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) are used to locate potential zones for groundwater in the part of Malaprabha river basin. Various maps (i.e., base, hydrogeomorphological, geological, aspect, drainage, slope, land use/land cover and groundwater prospect zones) are prepared using the remote sensing data along with the existing maps Ranks and weights are assigned to the categories and maps to show the importance of a hydrologic parameter or parametric map on the ground water potentiality. It determines the influence of each parameter on the potentiality. Each category of a particular map is assigned ranks according to their suitability and each parametric map is given certain weightage based on its influence on the ground water availability. Higher ranks are given to most suitable category and ranks decrease as per the decrease in suitability. This study helped to delineate the potentiality as very good, good, moderate and poor potential zones. Keywords: Remote sensing, Geographic Information System, Malaprabha river basin, ArcGIS

Groundwater Quality: with Focus on Fluoride Concentration in Rural Parts of Bagalkot District, Karnataka and Defluroidation Studies

Water is an essential natural resource for sustenance’s of life and environment that we have always thought to be available in abundance and free gift of nature. However chemical composition of surface or subsurface water is one of the prime factors on which the suitability of water for domestic, industrial and agriculture purpose depends. In North Karnataka region especially Bijapur, Bagalkot and Gadag districts are dry and drought prone areas. Dependability of ground water for drinking and irrigation is more.  Fluoride is one of the main problems associated with the quality of ground water in the area resulting into dental and skeletal Fluorosis. Generally higher proportions of dissolved constituents are found in ground water than in surface water because of greater interaction of ground water with various materials in geologic strata. Therefore in this study Groundwater quality studies of Bagalkot district with focus on Fluoride is carried out. Defluoridation by fixed bed adsorption using mixed bed containing zeolite, Alumina and Bone ash in equal proportion in a column is performed. The method is simple and economical and removes 50-60% of Fluoride. Therefore the method can be used where the Fluoride content up to 3-3.5 mg/L and fluoride affected area are shown in maps. Keywords: Fluoride Defluoridation Zeolite Adsorptio

(E)-N′-[(E)-2-Methyl­pent-2-enyl­idene]isonicotinohydrazide

The asymmetric unit of the title Schiff base compound, C12H15N3O, contains two crystallographically independent mol­ecules, with both existing in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bonds. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network