Baseline characteristics of study participants by albumin excretion.

<p>P-value was calculated using the chi-squared test.</p

Relationship between water-pipe smoking and high-normal albumin excretion.

<p>$All estimates were adjusted for age at screening, sex, BMI, social class blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. * indicate increased level of specific measure or a previously diagnosed condition.</p

Relationship between water-pipe smoking and microalbuminuria.

<p>$All estimates were adjusted for age at screening, sex, BMI, social class blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. * indicate increased level of specific measure or a previously diagnosed condition.</p