Comment : Utopianism and Communitarianism

千葉大学公共研究センター21世紀プログラム「持続可能な福祉社会に向けた公共研究拠点

Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder. Highly reactive oxygen free radicals are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, RA patients were sub-grouped depending upon the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor, disease activity score and disease duration. RA Patients (120) and healthy controls (53) were evaluated for the oxidant—antioxidant status by monitoring ROS production, biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. The level of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was also monitored. Correlation analysis was also performed for analysing the association between ROS and various other parameters.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Intracellular ROS formation, lipid peroxidation (MDA level), protein oxidation (carbonyl level and thiol level) and DNA damage were detected in the blood of RA patients. Antioxidant status was evaluated by FRAP assay, DPPH reduction assay and enzymatic (SOD, catalase, GST, GR) and non-enzymatic (vitamin C and GSH) antioxidants.</p><p>Results</p><p>RA patients showed a higher ROS production, increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. A significant decline in the ferric reducing ability, DPPH radical quenching ability and the levels of antioxidants has also been observed. Significant correlation has been found between ROS and various other parameters studied.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>RA patients showed a marked increase in ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage and decrease in the activity of antioxidant defence system leading to oxidative stress which may contribute to tissue damage and hence to the chronicity of the disease.</p></div

Malondialdehyde, carbonyl, thiol group, tail length, FRAP, DPPH quenching, NOx, vitamin C, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase in control and RA patients.

<p>Malondialdehyde, carbonyl, thiol group, tail length, FRAP, DPPH quenching, NOx, vitamin C, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S transferase in control and RA patients.</p

Comparison of blood plasma and hemolysate parameters in RA patients sub-grouped according to the disease activity score (DAS).

<p>Comparison of blood plasma and hemolysate parameters in RA patients sub-grouped according to the disease activity score (DAS).</p

Comparison of blood plasma and hemolysate parameters in RA patients sub-grouped according to the duration of the RA: newly diagnosed (ND), less than years (≤ 2 years) and between 2–5 years.

<p>Comparison of blood plasma and hemolysate parameters in RA patients sub-grouped according to the duration of the RA: newly diagnosed (ND), less than years (≤ 2 years) and between 2–5 years.</p

Bar graph representation of data from DCFH-DA assay on lymphocytes of control and RA patients.

<p>Fluorescence intensity was recorded at 530 nm using excitation wavelength of 485 nm. Results are mean ± S.D. (*p < 0.05 vs control).</p

Correlation between the ROS and various biochemical parameters in the RA patients.

<p>Correlation between the ROS and various biochemical parameters in the RA patients.</p

Comparison of the DCF formed in control and RA patients sub-grouped according to the duration of RA: newly diagnosed (ND), less than or equal to 2 years (≤ 2 years) and between 2–5 years.

<p>(*p < 0.05 vs control).</p

Comparison of the DCF formed in control, RA patients having DAS < 2.4 and DAS > 2.4.

<p>(*p < 0.05 vs control).</p

Supplementary_material - Elevated DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Response Defense System Inflicted in Patients With Myocardial Infarction

<p>Supplementary_material for Elevated DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Response Defense System Inflicted in Patients With Myocardial Infarction by Sumayya Shahzad, Asif Hasan, Abul Faiz Faizy, Somaiya Mateen, Naureen Fatima, and Shagufta Moin in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p