HIV risk-related behaviors in the United States household population aged 15-44 years: data from the National survey of family growth, 2002 and 2006-2010

OBJECTIVE: This report presents national estimates of selected HIV risk-related behaviors among men and women 15-44 years of age in the United States, based on the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Data from the 2006-2010 NSFG are compared with data from the 2002 NSFG. METHODS: Data for 2006-2010 were collected through in-person interviews with a national sample of 22,682 men and women aged 15-44 years in the household population of the United States. The measures presented in this report were collected using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), in which the respondent enters his or her own answers into the computer without telling them to an interviewer. The response rate for the 2006-2010 NSFG was 77%, 78% for women and 75% for men. HIV risk-related behavioral measures examined in this report include sexual risk, drug risk, and recent STD treatment. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of men and 8% of women in 2006-2010 reported at least one of the HIV risk-related behavioral measures examined in this report, representing 6.5 million men and 4.9 million women in the general U.S. household population. This represents a decline from the 13% of men and 11% of women who reported one or more of these measures in 2002. This decline appears to be due to a decrease in sexual risk behaviors reported in 2006-2010, however further analysis as well as comparisons with other household surveys are needed to fully understand and describe trends over time. Significant variations were seen by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including age, race and Hispanic origin, sex, education, and poverty level income. Among men, those with recent prison experience were more likely than other men to report one or more HIV risk-related behaviors in the past year.by Anjani Chandra, Veena G. Billioux, Casey E. Copen, National Center for Health Statsitics ; Catlainn Sionean, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepititis, STD, and TB Prevention.Title from title screen (viewed on Feb. 24, 2012)."January 19, 2012."Includes bibliographical references (p. 10-12)

Multiple causes of death in old age

What is known about the nature of fatal diseases and injuries is based largely upon the tradition of identifying a single condition present at death as the underlying cause. As stated on the U .S. Standard ertificate of Death, the underlying cause is considered to be the disease or injury that initiated events resulting in death (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/DEATHn-03final-ACC.pdf).by Yelena Gorina and Harold Lentzner.1917485

Trends in adults receiving a recommendation for exercise or other physical activity from a physician or other health professional

The Healthy People 2020 objectives for physical activity include two objectives for increasing the proportion of physician office visits that include counseling or education related to exercise (see http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx). Physician counseling for exercise has not previously been tracked by the Healthy People initiative. The present report looks at this emerging health issue from the vantage point of adults in the general population who had seen a physician or other health professional in the past 12 months and had been advised to begin or continue to do exercise or other physical activity. About 8 in 10 adults had seen a health professional in the past 12 months during 2000 (80.6%), 2005 (81.2%), and 2010 (79.8%), although estimates varied by demographic subgroups (10\ue2\u20ac\u201c12). Over time, estimates of the percentage of adults being advised to exercise could be influenced by major changes in the characteristics of adults seeing a health professional. In 2010, about one in three adults (32.4%) who had seen a physician or other health professional in the past year had been advised to exercise or do other physical activity, which reflects an upward trend since 2000, moving in the direction of meeting Healthy People 2020 goals. In relative terms, there has been more than a 40% increase\ue2\u20ac\u201dfrom 22.6% of adults in 2000 to 32.4% in 2010. Although increases were noted for every population and health condition group studied, these increases were larger for some groups than others. The increase in the percentage of adults receiving exercise advice is particularly noteworthy for the oldest age group. In 2000, 15.3% of adults aged 85 and over had been advised to exercise; by 2010, the percentage had increased to 28.9%. Across the chronic health conditions studied, adults with diabetes were the most likely, and those with cancer were the least likely, to have been advised by their physician to exercise. An upward trend of 8\ue2\u20ac\u201c10 percentage points, however, was seen among adults with each of the chronic diseases examined. Adults who were overweight or obese saw among the largest increases over the decade in the percentage receiving a physician\ue2\u20ac\u2122s advice to exercise. The percentage of healthy weight adults receiving exercise advice also increased over the decade, but to a lesser extent. Trends over the past 10 years suggest that the medical community is increasing its efforts to recommend participation in exercise and other physical activity that research has shown to be associated with substantial health benefits. Still, the prevalence of receiving this advice remains well below one-half of U.S. adults and varies substantially across population subgroups.Patricia M. Barnes, and Charlotte A. Schoenborn.Title from title title screen (viewed on April 16, 2012)."February 2012."Includes bibliographical references (p. 7)

Trends in influenza and pneumonia among older persons in the United States

by Yelena Gorina, Tanika Kelly, James Lubiz, and Zahiyah Hines.Title from title screen (viewed on Dec. 22, 2008)."February 2008.""Table 1 has been updated as of April 9, 2008."Mode of access: Internet from the NCHS web site. Address as of 12/22/08: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ahcd/agingtrends/08influenza.pdf; current access available via PURL.Includes bibliographical references (p. 10-11)

Obesity and socioeconomic status in adults: United States, 2005-2008

"In 2007-2008 more than one-third of United States adults were obese. Obese individuals are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and certain cancers, among other conditions. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity prevalence and socioeconomic status measured as educational level or income. This data brief presents the most recent national data on obesity in United States adults and its association with poverty income ratio (PIR) and education level. Results are presented by sex and race and ethnicity." - p. 1Cynthia L. Ogden, Molly M. Lamb, Margaret D. Carroll, and Katherine M. Flegal.Title from caption (viewed Feb. 15, 2012).."December 2010"Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader.Mode of access: World Wide Web.Includes bibliographical references (p. 7)

Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in U.S. infant mortality rates

In the United States, different racial and ethnic groups have very different infant mortality patterns. When assessing the relative contribution of the percentage of preterm births and gestational age-specific infant mortality rates to racial and ethnic infant mortality differences, we found that for non-Hispanic black women, 78 percent of their elevated infant mortality rate compared with non-Hispanic white women was due to their higher percentage of preterm births, while 22 percent was due to higher gestational age-specific infant mortality rates (primarily at 34 weeks of gestation or more). For Puerto Rican women, their elevated infant mortality rate compared with non-Hispanic white women was entirely due to their higher percentage of preterm births. However, AIAN women had a very different infant mortality pattern: 76 percent of their higher infant mortality rate compared with non-Hispanic white women was due to their higher gestational age-specific infant mortality rates (primarily at 34 weeks or more), and only 24 percent was due to their higher percentage of preterm births.These findings are consistent with the cause-of-death analysis, which found that for bothnon-Hispanic black and Puerto Rican women, most of their higher infant mortality rate compared with non-Hispanic white women was due to preterm-related causes. In contrast, for AIAN women, the infant mortality rate from SIDS was 2.4 times, and the rate from unintentional injuries was 2.3 times, the non-Hispanic white rate. Infant mortality rates for non-Hispanic black women would be reduced by 71 percent, those for AIAN women by 64 percent, and those for Puerto Rican women by 67 percent if rates from preterm-related causes, congenital malformations, SIDS, and unintentional injuries could be reduced to non-Hispanic white levels.The different infant mortality patterns for non-Hispanic black, Puerto Rican, and AIAN women suggest different prevention strategies (6,7). In addition, because the percentage of preterm births for all U.S. racial and ethnic groups is higher than in other developed countries, all U.S. racial and ethnic groups might benefit from prematurity prevention efforts (8,9).Marian F. MacDorman and T.J. Mathews."September 2011."Includes bibliographical references (p. 7-[8]

National ambulatory medical care survey, United States, January 1980-December 1981

Data on the ambulatory medical care provided during visits to office-based general and family practice physicians are presented. Individual practice profiles are drawn for female and male physicians, for different age groups of physicians, for physicians in the four major geographic regions, and for those in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Descriptors of practice include patient demographic characteristics, prior visit status, and patient condition. Data are also presented on the patient management techniques utilized, including diagnostic services, medication therapy, and nonmedication therapy."September 1983."Bibliography: p. 16

Midwife and out-of-hospital deliveries, United States: an analysis of the demographic characteristics and pregnancy history of mothers and birth weight of babies delivered in a nonhospital setting or by a midwife in a hospital

An analysis of the demographic characteristics and pregnancy history of mothers and birth weight of babies delivered in a nonhospital setting or by a midwife in a hospital."February 1984."Includes bibliographical references

Basic data on visits to family planning services sites, United States, 1980

This report presents National estimates of medical family planning visits by women to organized family planning service sites in 1980. Family planning visits are categorized by visit status, social and demographic characteristics, and the utilization of medical family planning services.[by Bettie L. Hudson].Bibliography: p. 4

Use of services for family planning and infertility, United States, 1982

Statistics, based on data collected in 1982, are presented on the use of services for family planning and infertility by women 15-44 years of age who had ever had sexual intercourse. The percent who used services is shown by race, Hispanic origin, age, and selected socioeconomic characteristics. Users of services are shown by the source of the service and socioeconomic characteristics.By Marjorie C. Horn and William D. Mosher.Bibliography: p. 19-20