Diagnostic investigations.

<p><b>*</b>In 16 instances, CT scan was not performed because of severe hypoxemia precluding transportation to the radiological department.</p><p>In 30 instances, results for BAL were not available either because BAL was not performed due to severe hypoxemia or the BAL results were deemed uninterpretable.</p

Exclusion Criteria Applied in the Study and Final Sample Size

<p>Exclusion Criteria Applied in the Study and Final Sample Size</p

Sensitivity and Specificity for the Prediction of Death of the Cutoff for the WH% Using the WHO Growth Standards

<p>Sensitivity and Specificity for the Prediction of Death of the Cutoff for the WH% Using the WHO Growth Standards</p

ROC Curves for the Prediction of Death for the WH Indicators (WH% and WHZ) for the WHO Growth Standards and the NCHS Standards

<p>ROC Curves for the Prediction of Death for the WH Indicators (WH% and WHZ) for the WHO Growth Standards and the NCHS Standards</p

Sensitivity and Specificity for the Prediction of Death of the Cutoff for the WHZ using the WHO Growth Standards

<p>Sensitivity and Specificity for the Prediction of Death of the Cutoff for the WHZ using the WHO Growth Standards</p

Main characteristics of the 83 study patients at ICU admission.

<p>Abbreviations: RV, right ventricular; ILD, interstitial lung disease.</p

Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

<div><p>Background</p><p>Patients with chronic known or unknown interstitial lung disease (ILD) may present with severe respiratory flares that require intensive management. Outcome data in these patients are scarce.</p><p>Patients and Methods</p><p>Clinical and radiological features were collected in 83 patients with ILD-associated acute respiratory failure (ARF). Determinants of hospital mortality and response to corticosteroid therapy were identified by logistic regression.</p><p>Results</p><p>Hospital and 1-year mortality rates were 41% and 54% respectively. Pulmonary hypertension, computed tomography (CT) fibrosis and acute kidney injury were independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) 4.55; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (1.20–17.33); OR, 7.68; (1.78–33.22) and OR 10.60; (2.25–49.97) respectively). Response to steroids was higher in patients with shorter time from hospital admission to corticosteroid therapy. Patients with fibrosis on CT had lower response to steroids (OR, 0.03; (0.005–0.21)). In mechanically ventilated patients, overdistension induced by high PEEP settings was associated with CT fibrosis and hospital mortality.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Mortality is high in ILD-associated ARF. CT and echocardiography are valuable prognostic tools. Prompt corticosteroid therapy may improve survival.</p></div

Determinants of hospital mortality.

<p>Abbreviations : OR, odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ILD, interstitial lung disease; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (the performance score can range from 0 [fully active] to 5 [dead]); CT, computed tomography of the chest; SOFA, Sequential Organ Function Assessment score.</p

Univariable and multivariable analyses of factors associated with responsiveness to high-dose corticosteroids.

<p>Abbreviations : OR, odds ratio; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; ILD, interstitial lung disease; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (the performance score can range from 0 [fully active] to 5 [dead]); CT, computed tomography of the chest; BAL, broncho-alveolar lavage; SOFA, Sequential Organ Function Assessment score.</p

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration in patients managed with invasive mechanical ventilation (n = 50).

<p>Right column: correlations linking variations in peak airway pressure (ΔPpeak), plateau pressure (ΔPplat), and PaO₂/FiO₂ (ΔPF) before and after PEEP titration to ICU mortality. Left column: correlations linking variations in peak airway pressure (ΔPpeak), plateau pressure (ΔPplat), and PaO₂/FiO₂ (ΔPF) before and after PEEP titration to pulmonary fibrosis by computed tomography.</p