First report of Xanthomonas prunicola causing bacterial leaf streaks on wheat in Argentina

Since 2018, bacterial-like symptoms, such as leaf streaks were observed on wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) in Córdoba province in Argentina, with 1 to 5% of disease incidence. Samples of wheat stem and spike collected in a trial of varieties for summer/autumn sowing in the experimental field of the INTA Marcos Juárez were disinfected, washed and macerated in mortars with sterile distilled water and extracts were streaked on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar. After 48 h incubation at 28 °C, circular, mucoid, convex, and cream colonies were observed and pure cultures were transferred to LB medium for further identification tests. Biochemical tests corroborated the detection of a Gram-negative bacillus. Conventional PCR was performed using DNA isolate from pure cultures and general primers for various species of genera Xanthomonas (Maes 1993) and Pseudomonas (Mulet et al. 2010). An isolate (Arg-1), with cream colored colonies was positive using general primers for Xanthomonas sp (amplified fragment of 444 bp). A bacterial suspension containing 108 CFU mL−1 grown for 48 h on LB medium at 28 °C was injected into three-week-old leaves of wheat plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates. After 5 days, plants showed symptoms of chlorosis, streaks and then necrosis on the leaves. The bacteria were re-isolated from the inoculated plants, showing same symptoms observed in the original plants. Negative control plants, inoculated with sterile water remained without symptoms. The amplified 444 bp fragment described above was sequenced by the Sanger method (GenBank accession OM972662), as well as another 757 bp fragment amplified with universal primers that amplify the partial 16S rDNA gene (GenBank accession OM972661). Analyses of these sequences, as well as the protein profile of the isolate obtained by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Bruker Biotyper, allowed to identify only the genus Xanthomonas. With the purpose of determine the species status, the complete genome of isolate Arg-1 was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). Total gDNA was isolate from pure cultures using a commercial kit (Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit, Promega). gDNA library was constructed using Ligation Sequencing Kit (SQK-LSK109) and sequenced using ONT platform on a MinION 1kb device. Raw basecalled sequences were filtered using Filtlong and assembled using Trycycler. The genome was assembled in a single contig comprising 5.410.641 bp with 4740 predicted CDSs and 63.9% GC content. Genome sequence was deposited in GenBank under accession number CP094827 and SRA data SRX14635308. Whole-genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis showed values of ~ 97% against the reference genomes of Xanthomonas prunicola (PHKX01.1, PHKV01.1 and PHKW01.1) and 100% in complete 16S rRNA gene sequences (1547 bp). These findings suggest that a new wheat pathogen within the genus Xanthomonas is present in Argentina, as well as was reported in Uruguay and USA (Clavijo et al. 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of X. prunicola affecting wheat in Argentina and the first complete genome registered for this specie. Accurate and specific diagnostics are required for the detection of X. prunicola in wheat crops to implement correct prevention and control strategies to this disease, avoiding the dissemination in lots where it has not yet been found.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Martino, Julia Andrea. Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONCYT); ArgentinaFil: Martino, Julia Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Pozzi, Elizabeth Alicia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Alberione, Enrique Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Bainotti, Carlos Tomas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Nathalie. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Nathalie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Tolocka, Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Tolocka, Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Salines, Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Dionisio Tomas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Donaire, Guillermo Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Conci, Luis Rogelio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Alemandri, Vanina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Alemandri, Vanina Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); Argentin

In vivo modulation of cervicovaginal drug transporters and tissue distribution by film-released tenofovir and darunavir for topical prevention of HIV-1

We thank Gilead Science for provision of tenofovir and Janssen R&D Ireland for provision of darunavir. We thank members of the MOTIF consortium for useful discussions and exchange of ideas during the course of this study. We thank the technical staff of IDMIT, the animal care and veterinary staff at CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France. Funding: this work was supported by the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 305316 as part of the MOTIF (Microbicides Formulation Through Innovative Formulation for Vaginal and Rectal Delivery) project. It has also the support of the “Investissements d’Avenir” French government program managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under ANR-11-INBS-0008 funding for the Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies (IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France) infrastructure, and ANR-10-EQPX-02-01 funding for the FlowCyTech facility (IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France).Peer reviewedPostprin

Schmallenberg virus experimental infection of sheep

International audienceSince late 2011, a novel orthobunyavirus, named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), has been implicated in many cases of severely malformed bovine and ovine offspring in Europe. In adult cattle, SBV is known to cause a mild transient disease; clinical signs include short febrile episodes, decreased milk production and diarrhoea for a few days. However, the knowledge about clinical signs and pathogenesis in adult sheep is limited. In the present study, adult sheep of European domestic breeds were inoculated with SBV either as cell culture grown virus or as virus with no history of passage in cell cultures. Various experimental set-ups were used. Sampling included blood collection at different time points during the experimental period and selected organ material at autopsy. Data from this study showed, that the RNAemic period in sheep was as short as reported for cattle; viral genome was detectable for about 3-5 days by real-time RT-PCR. In total, 13 out of 30 inoculated sheep became RNAemic, with the highest viral load in animals inoculated with virus from low cell culture passaged or the animal passaged material. Contact animals remained negative throughout the study. One RNAemic sheep showed diarrhoea for several days, but fever was not recorded in any of the animals. Antibodies were first detectable 10-14 days post inoculation. Viral RNA was detectable in spleen and lymph nodes up to day 44 post inoculation. In conclusion, as described for cattle, SBV-infection in adult sheep predominantly results in subclinical infection, transient RNAemia and a specific antibody response. Maintenance of viral RNA in the lymphoreticular system is observed for an extended period

Sixteen Tons

Presented at Art History of Games Symposium at 9:15 am on February 6, 2010 in the High Museum of Art’s Rich Auditorium on the campus of the Woodruff Arts Center, in midtown Atlanta.Runtime: 44:41 minutesNathalie Pozzi is an architect whose projects cross the boundaries of art installation, architecture and landscape. Trained in Venice, Stockholm and Helsinki, Ms. Pozzi explores the classical design of space and light and the elegant use of materials, while also incorporating social and ethnographic elements into her work. Her projects expand the possibilities of architecture from building beautiful structures into a global and cultural act. Ms. Pozzi’s work includes contributions to the conceptual architectural studio Casagrande&Rintala, in projects like “Bird Cage” at Yokohama Triennale of Art and “Installation 2001” at the Florence International Bienniale of Contemporary Art. Recent projects range from the short film “Home”, presented at the 4th International Festival for Architecture in Video in Florence, to design and production consulting for internationally renowned artists including Mariko Mori and theater director Robert Wilson.Eric Zimmerman is a game designer, entrepreneur, author, and academic who has been working in the game industry for 15 years. His diverse activities have made him one of the New York Observer’s “Power Punks,” one of Interview magazine’s “30 To Watch,” one of International Design magazine’s “ID 40” influential designers and one of The Hollywood Reporter’s “Digital 50,” along with Stephen Spielberg and Will Wright. Zimmerman recently was honored with a VIP Award by the International Game Developers Association for his years of work in the game creation community. He is an internationally recognized creative force, design scholar, and gadfly pundit on game design and game culture. For nine years, Zimmerman was the co-founder of Gamelab, a game development company based in New York City. Gamelab has won awards from the Independent Games Festival, Games for Change, ID Magazine, Art Directors Club and ARS Electronica. Zimmerman lectures and publishes extensively on games and has taught courses in MIT’s comparative media studies program, New York University’s interactive telecommunications program, Parsons School of Design’s M.F.A. program in digital technologies program, and the School of Visual Arts’ Design as Author M.F.A. Program. He has exhibited game artworks at museums and galleries in the U.S. and abroad.Sixteen Tons is a game for four players designed for a gallery setting, created by architect Nathalie Pozzi and game designer Eric Zimmerman for this conference. Sixteen Tons provides a case study that illuminates some of the core issues of the Art History of Games conference. In what way can the project be considered art? What is Sixteen Tons "about?" The talk will mention precedents for the work within the history of both designers, outline some of the intentions behind the game, and describe the process of its creation

Prise en charge de la douleur postopératoire (étude rétrospective comparant différents protocoles après hystérectomie et césarienne)

CHATENAY M.-PARIS 11-BU Pharma. (920192101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Experimental infection of pregnant goats with schmallenberg virus

International audienc

Panel Discussion: Nathalie Pozzi, Eric Zimmerman, Tale of tales ; Jason Rohrer, Brenda Brathwaite ; Moderator John Sharp

Presented at Art History of Games Symposium, February 6, 2010 at 12:15 pm in the High Museum of Art’s Rich Auditorium on the campus of the Woodruff Arts Center, in midtown Atlanta.Nathalie Pozzi is an architect whose projects cross the boundaries of art installation, architecture and landscape. Trained in Venice, Stockholm and Helsinki, Ms. Pozzi explores the classical design of space and light and the elegant use of materials, while also incorporating social and ethnographic elements into her work. Her projects expand the possibilities of architecture from building beautiful structures into a global and cultural act. Ms. Pozzi’s work includes contributions to the conceptual architectural studio Casagrande&Rintala, in projects like "Bird Cage" at Yokohama Triennale of Art and "Installation 2001" at the Florence International Bienniale of Contemporary Art. Recent projects range from the short film "Home", presented at the 4th International Festival for Architecture in Video in Florence, to design and production consulting for internationally renowned artists including Mariko Mori and theater director Robert Wilson.Eric Zimmerman is a game designer, entrepreneur, author, and academic who has been working in the game industry for 15 years. His diverse activities have made him one of the New York Observer’s “Power Punks,” one of Interview magazine’s “30 To Watch,” one of International Design magazine’s “ID 40” influential designers and one of The Hollywood Reporter’s “Digital 50,” along with Stephen Spielberg and Will Wright. Zimmerman recently was honored with a VIP Award by the International Game Developers Association for his years of work in the game creation community. He is an internationally recognized creative force, design scholar, and gadfly pundit on game design and game culture. For nine years, Zimmerman was the co-founder of Gamelab, a game development company based in New York City. Gamelab has won awards from the Independent Games Festival, Games for Change, ID Magazine, Art Directors Club and ARS Electronica. Zimmerman lectures and publishes extensively on games and has taught courses in MIT’s comparative media studies program, New York University’s interactive telecommunications program, Parsons School of Design’s M.F.A. program in digital technologies program, and the School of Visual Arts’ Design as Author M.F.A. Program. He has exhibited game artworks at museums and galleries in the U.S. and abroad.Tale of Tales: Auriea Harvey and Michael Samyn began their collaboration as Entropy8Zuper.org in 1999. They gained notoriety by creating Web sites and Internet artworks. In 2002, they founded the independent game development studio Tale of Tales in Gent, Belgium, where they still live and work. Harvey and Samyn have devoted their lives to the creation of elegant and emotionally rich interactive entertainment. Early Internet artworks blended topics of love, religion, politics and sex along with ambitious web-based performance. Since their shift to games, Tale of Tales have given players and critics much to talk about. Projects like The Endless Forest, a multiplayer screensaver in which everyone plays a deer. And smaller projects such as The Graveyard, about an elderly lady who visits a cemetery. And Fatale, which explores the legend of Salome. 2009 saw the release of their most ambitious game yet, The Path, a short horror game inspired by Little Red Riding Hood. In 2000, their work was awarded with the San Francisco MOMA Prize for Excellence in Online Art. Both The Path and The Graveyard were finalists in the Independent Games Festival and Indiecade. Their projects have been featured at media art festivals and exhibitions all over the world. But the focus remains on digital distribution, making art directly for and with their audience. Quiet and odd or deeply unsettling, what sets Tale of Tale’s work apart from the rest is Harvey and Samyn’s controversial stance on what games can be.Jason Rohrer is an independent game artist, programmer, and critic. With game designs that explore complex and subtle aspects of the human condition, his work has bolstered the acceptance of games as a serious art form. Rohrer’s games have been shown at festivals and art exhibitions in Park City, Toronto, Montreal, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, Seattle and Lleida, Spain. His 2007 release, Passage, received widespread critical acclaim. Wired magazine’s Clive Thompson wrote: “More than any game I’ve ever played, it illustrates how a game can be a fantastically expressive, artistic vehicle for exploring the human condition.” Rohrer’s 2008 release, Gravitation, won the Jury Prize at IndieCade and Between won the Innovation Award at the 2009 Independent Games Festival. Rohrer was featured in Esquire’s December 2008 "Genius Issue" along with 27 other innovators.Brenda Brathwaite is a game designer and artist who began working in the video game industry with Sir-tech Software in 1982, with the seminal Wizardry series of role-playing games. She also contributed to the Jagged Alliance, Realms of Arkania, Def Jam and the Dungeons and Dragons series and has designed games for Atari, Infogrames, Electronic Arts and a wide variety of private clients. Working completely in analog, she has crafted a series of six prototypes known collectively as The Mechanic is the Message, three of which have been completed and published. The three, Train, S√≠och√°n Leat and The New World, explore the Holocaust, the Cromwellian invasion of Ireland and the Middle Passage, respectively. The pieces, particularly Train, have received significant critical praise. Brathwaite serves on the board of the International Game Developers Association (IGDA), was chair of the IGDA’s Education SIG Ad hoc Committee and the co-founder and chair of the IGDA’s Savannah chapter. In 2008, she was named one of the top 20 most influential women in the game industry by Gamasutra.com. She is currently the chair of the interactive design and game development department at SCAD and has been working on games for social media platforms.John Sharp is an accomplished game designer, art historian and educator with over 20 years experience. His design work is focused on Twitter and social platform games, art games and non-digital games. His current research is focused on game design curricula for after-school programs, the history of play and the early history of computer and video games. Dr. Sharp is a professor in the interactive design and game development and art history departments at the Savannah College of Art and Design. He also is a member of Local No. 12, a social network game collaboration; a member of The Leisure Society, an artgame collective; and a partner in Supercosm, a digital media consultancy.Runtime: 42:31 minute

Impact of GLP-1 Agonists on Male Reproductive Health—A Narrative Review

Background and objective—Obesity is a prevalent health concern that notably impairs male fertility through hormonal disruptions and other pathophysiological alterations. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can significantly reduce weight. This narrative review synthesizes the existing literature discussing the impact of glucagon-like peptide-GLP-1 RAs on the male reproductive system, particularly on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential impact on male fertility. Material and methods—PubMed database was used for the retrieval of English-language articles published up to November 2023. This non-systematic literature review predominantly concentrates on both pre-clinical and clinical studies pertaining to GLP-1 RAs, specifically exploring their impact on male reproductive hormones and sperm parameters. Results—GLP-1 receptors have been identified within the male reproductive system according to the existing literature. While the exact mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to be involved in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, both vital processes in spermatogenesis. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs for promoting weight loss. Recent studies show that the use of GLP-1 RAs in obese males may enhance sperm metabolism, motility, and insulin secretion in vitro, along with positive effects on the human Sertoli cells. Recent clinical trials discussed in this review demonstrate weight loss associated with GLP-1 RAs is correlated with improvements in sperm count, concentration, and motility. However, the direct impact of GLP-1 RAs on male reproductive hormones remains unclear, necessitating further research to confirm their potential role in treating male infertility. Conclusions—This narrative review summarizes the existing literature discussing the potential impact of GLP-1 RA on the male reproductive system, emphasizing their potential therapeutic role in addressing idiopathic infertility in obese men. Despite numerous studies exploring the influence of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs on reproductive hormones, testicular function, and spermatogenesis, further clinical trials are crucial to validate initial evidence. Longer follow-up periods are essential to address uncertainties regarding the long-term repercussions and outcomes of GLP-1 RA use. While this holds true, the current literature suggests that GLP-1RAs show promise as a potential therapeutic approach for improving sperm parameters in obese men