Markov model for post-exposure prophylaxis strategy.

<p>The square represents a decision node, and circle represents a chance node. The triangle represents the final outcome for that event pathway. Consequences associated with the chance node are mutually exclusive. PEP: post-exposure prophylaxis; GI: gastrointestinal.</p

Tornado diagram of the univariate sensitivity analysis for the azithromycin PEP strategy for child (A) and adult (B) contacts.

<p>Azithromycin remained the dominant strategy among infants. The bars represent the variation in cost-effectiveness ratios from the base case scenario in response to sequential changes in model parameters, with the vertical axis reflecting the base case ICER. The maximal and minimal values were tested according to ranges outlined in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0119271#pone.0119271.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. (A) Axis at $16,963 per QALY. (C) Axis at$2,415 per QALY.</p

Costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis with erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin compared with no intervention for household contacts of cases of pertussis, stratified by age group, discounted at 5%.

<p>Costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis with erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin compared with no intervention for household contacts of cases of pertussis, stratified by age group, discounted at 5%.</p

Utility values and duration of relevant health states.

<p>Utility values and duration of relevant health states.</p

Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves for child (A) and adult (B) contacts.

<p>These curves reflect the proportion of times each intervention is likely to be cost-effective for a given cost-effectiveness threshold, up to $50,000 per additional QALY. Clarithromycin post-exposure prophylaxis was never a preferred strategy for adult contacts, and so does not feature for clarity.</p

Threshold analysis of post-exposure prophylaxis effectiveness.

<p>Threshold analysis of post-exposure prophylaxis effectiveness.</p

Estimated direct medical costs per contact. Costs in Canadian dollars, 2012 valuation.

<p>Estimated direct medical costs per contact. Costs in Canadian dollars, 2012 valuation.</p

Event probabilities for decision model.

<p>Event probabilities for decision model.</p

Macrolide strategies for pertussis PEP among household contacts.

<p>Macrolide strategies for pertussis PEP among household contacts.</p

SF-10 scores for a Post-encephalitic Population aged 5–14 years compared with an equivalent US Population Norm [7].

<p>It was necessary to use US-based data for comparison as no equivalent UK normative dataset exists. Scores have been transformed so that the general population scores a mean of 50, with a standard deviation of 10 in each domain; so that any score less than 50 is worse than that for the general population. The vertical bars represent the standard deviation. PHS = physical summary scale, PSS = psychosocial summary scale.</p