9 research outputs found
Increased lipid deposition observed in two of the three pellet-fed groups compared to controls with the exception of Group C.
<p>Panel (A-D): cross sections of posterior liver stained with H/E of Groups (A-D) respectively; Green arrows = hepatocytes containing lipid droplet. Panel (a-d); 40x magnification, scale bar = 50μm. Panel E: Quantitative analysis of mean hepatocyte diameter detected within Groups (A-D); Post ANOVA Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed between the mean of each group with the mean of the control group. Means significantly different from Group A are noted with (*—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.05; **—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.01; ***—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.001; ****—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.0001).</p
Different sets of significantly expressed transcripts (SETs) with limited overlaps were found when the liver-derived transcriptome of pellet-fed groups (B-D) were compared.
<p>(A) Venn diagram showing 36 SETs uniformly different in all three commercial vs. commercial feed comparisons. (B) Heatmap showing the complexity of hepatic expression caused by having different dietary intake. Different clusters of genes are represented by symbols (!, @, #, $, %, ^).</p
Wide-ranging differences among the relative body weight gains in Asian seabass fed pelleted feeds compared to control.
<p>Total percentage of body weight gain after the consumption of three different pelleted feeds (Feeds B-D) relative to frozen baitfish (Feed A) during a two-month period (107–168 days post-hatch). Post-ANOVA Tukey's multiple comparison test was performed to compare the mean values of every group. Error bars are plotted with 95% confidence intervals from the mean. Significantly different means are noted with *—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.05; **—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.01; ***—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.001; and ****—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.0001.</p
The gastrointestinal tract of Asian seabass is influenced by the different feeds.
<p>External circumference of serosa (Panel A), mucosal height (Panel B), muscularis layer thickness (Panel C) and goblet cell number (Panel D) were measured from sections of the mid gut of 168 dph-old Asian seabass fed frozen baitfish (Group A) or pelleted commercial feeds (Groups B-D) for 61 days. Values are represented as percentages over control (A) value. Post ANOVA Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test was performed between the mean of each group with the mean of the control group. Means significantly different from Group A are noted with *—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.05; **—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.01; ***—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.001; or ****—P<sub>adj</sub> < 0.0001. Representative examples of the mid-gut histological sections are shown on the right (Panels E&G–Group A; F&H–Group C). Panel E: Blue line = External circumference of serosa (S); Panel G: red = high of Mucosa (mu), purple = Thickness of muscularis layer (m), green = Goblet cells (gc); Panels E&F - 5x magnification; Panels G&H - 10x magnification. Panels E&H; scale bar = 100μm.</p
Positive correlation of fatty acids between fillets of groups and their respective feeds.
<p>Only area % of TFA of large-sized pelleted feeds were used for correlation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to determine the correlation relationship. TFA = Total Fatty Acids.</p
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of KEGG pathway comparing pellet-fed groups (B, C and D) against baitfish-fed control (Group A).
<p>By using <i>Danio rerio</i> as reference model, (A) genes that are involved in Biosynthesis of Unsaturated fatty acid pathway, (B) genes that are involved in steroid biosynthesis pathway were compared. Significantly enriched genes are noted with *—P < 0.05. Out of those *, genes that are differentially expressed as well are marked with *—P<sub>fdr</sub> < 0.05. Error bars are mean ± SEM.</p
Formation of unique clusters of fillet fatty acid profile after consuming different pelleted feeds (Feed B-D) and frozen baitfish (Feed A).
<p>The PCA plot generated by Partek® Genomic Suite (v6.6) is based on covariance matrix of 21 fatty acids (area % of total fatty acids) per sample. Coloured balls represent individual samples fed with different feed types.</p
Gene ontology enrichment of significantly up-regulated transcripts between the commercial groups (B-D).
<p>Significantly up-regulated transcripts of were analyzed by singular enrichment analysis (agriGO). Results of individual comparisons were presented in a three by three plot. Out of the many ‘Biological Processes’ found to be significantly enriched, those related to metabolism and growth were highlighted and compared upon.</p
Schematic overview of the experimental design.
<p>Five large tanks containing six individual canvases of two metric ton volume each per tank were set up. Asian seabass siblings (103 dph) from a pairwise cross performed with two brooders selected for increased growth rate were tagged, measured, photographed and placed into the canvases at 75 individuals per canvas initial density. Following a short adaptation period, frozen baitfish (Feed A, control) and five commercial pelleted growout feeds (Feed B-F) were fed to their respective groups at an average body weight (BW)/day for 61 days; Group A: 6.1%; Group B, C, D, E: 2.2%; Group F: 1.8%. The amount of feed was adjusted on a weekly basis based on BW measurements of 15 individuals per canvas. At 139 dph, all the fish were measured and 25 individuals were randomly removed to reduce density. During the 147–151 dph period, gradual change in pellet size fed to fishes in groups B, C, D and F. At the end of the experiment all individuals were measured and photographed and samples were collected for the different analyses. [Only fish from Groups A-D were subjected to detailed analysis, whereas the other two groups (E&F) were excluded due to technical reasons.]</p