Belonid fish Ablennes hians caught with entrapped plastic bangle, off Mangalore

During our regular observation at Mangalore Fisheries Harbour, on 6th March 2012, a belonid fish, Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846) was collected along with seerfish and mackerel landed by drift gillnet operated at 36-40 m depth, south-west off Manjeswara

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in different varieties of sugarcane (Saccharam officinarum L.)

This investigation for the first time highlights TDZ induced callus formation, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration using leaf explants of different varieties (Co94032,CoC671, Co86032, SNK754, SNK61 and SNK44) of sugarcane (Saccharam officinarum). Leaf explants cultured on the full strength inorganic salts Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2, 4-D and 4.54 μM TDZ induced embryogenic tissue after 3-4 weeks. The percentage of somatic embryogenesis was not similar in all the tested varieties of sugarcane. This study indicates a high embryogenic potential of leaf explants of tested sugarcane varieties, and also opened up the possibility for large-scale clonal propagation of sugarcane for the genetic improvement programmes

समुद्री कूड़े में परिवर्तन और इस से तट रेखा में होनेवाला प्रभाव - कर्णाटक तट के संदर्भ में एक अध्ययन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

TDZ induced in vitro propagation of an epiphytic orchid Xenikophyton smeeanum (Reichb. f.)

An efficient shoot regeneration of Xenikophyton smeeanum (Reichb. f.). was achievedusing shoot tip sections and thidiazuron (TDZ). Protocorm-like bodies (PLB’s) orproliferating shoot buds was observed when thin cell layers of shoot tip sections werecultured on Mitra et al. (1976) basal medium supplemented with 11.35μM thidiazuron.Shoots produced roots when cultured on Mitra et al (1976) basal medium supplementedwith 8.56 μM IAA. This simple protocol will be useful for large-scale propagation of nativeepiphytic orchid Xenikophyton smeeanum

Discovery and Development of Small Molecule Allosteric Modulators of Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors

Glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are heterodimeric proteins with a common subunit and hormone-specific subunit. These hormones are dominant regulators of reproduction and metabolic processes. Receptors for the glycoprotein hormones belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) are primarily expressed in somatic cells in ovary and testis to promote egg and sperm production in women & men respectively. TSH receptor (TSHR) is expressed in thyroid cells and regulates the secretion of T3 & T4. Glycoprotein hormones bind to the large extracellular domain of the receptor and cause a conformational change in the receptor that leads to activation of more than one intracellular signaling pathway. Several small molecules have been described to activate/inhibit glycoprotein hormone receptors through allosteric sites of the receptor. Small molecule allosteric modulators have the potential to be administered orally to patients thus improving the convenience of treatment. It has been a challenge to develop a small molecule allosteric agonist for glycoprotein hormones that can mimic the agonistic effects of the large natural ligand to activate similar signaling pathways. However, in the past few years, there have been several promising reports describing distinct chemical series with improved potency in preclinical models. In parallel, proposal of new structural model for FSH receptor and in silico docking studies of small molecule ligands to glycoprotein hormone receptors provide a giant leap on the understanding of the mechanism of action of the natural ligands and new chemical entities on the receptors. This review will focus on the current status of small molecule allosteric modulators of glycoprotein hormone receptors, their effects on common signaling pathways in cells, their utility for clinical application as demonstrated in preclinical models, and use of these molecules as novel tools to dissect the molecular signaling pathways of these receptors

A comparative study of hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography in diagnosis of endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynaecology and an important source of morbidity. The ideal diagnostic tool to determine the cause for the same continues to be debated. Objective of this study was to compare accuracy of hysteroscopy and transvaginal sonography in diagnosis of endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: A total 100 women attending gynaecological outpatient in hospital attached to J. J. M. Medical College, Davangere with abnormal uterine bleeding fitting into the inclusion criteria during November 2014 to August 2016, were admitted and evaluated with Transvaginal sonography (TVS) and hysteroscopy. Data was collected and analysed.Results: Among 100 patients of AUB in this study, majority of the patients were in perimenopausal age group. Menorrhagia is the most common presentation (45%) followed by postmenopausal bleeding (20%). Anaemia was detected in 79% of patients. Hysteroscopy was taken as gold standard and TVS findings were compared. The sensitivity of TVS in detecting polyps, submucous fibroid were 22.2%, 11% respectively and for the normal variants like proliferative and secretory it was 50% and 79.2% respectively. TVS showed good correlation with hysteroscope findings for normal variants of endometrium, but poor correlation for intracavitary pathologies.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy is a rapid, safe, well tolerated and highly accurate means of diagnosing the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal age group. Thus, it is advised as a first line investigation in evaluation of AUB

Induction of somatic embryogenesis in Papaya (Carica papaya)

This study highlights the induction of somatic embryogenesis using immature zygotic embryos of Carica papaya commercial varieties viz. Coorg Honey dew, Washington, Honey dew, Pusa delicious, Pusa nanha, Taiwan 786, Taiwan 785, Sunrise, Solo, Co-1, C0-7, and Co-3 respectively. Somatic embryos formed in the presence of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), but never on  explants cultured on control medium lacking plant growth regulators. Embryogenic callus could be induced from immature zygotic embryos after 4-6 weeks of culture on full-strength Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts, which served as the basal medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2, 4-D and 2.27 μM TDZ (induction and maintenance medium). The ability to induce  embryogenic tissue varied for different papaya tested varieties, and there was a mixed genotypic response on the induction of embryogenic cultures. The highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis was noticed in a papaya variety Taiwan-786 (87.0±4.2a), followed by Taiwan- 785  (85.0±3.0a), and Coorg Honey dew (81.0±3.2a) respectively. This protocol is simple and reproducible, and could be useful for regenerating large number of plants as well as provide a target tissue for genetic  transformation experiments

Evidence of WUSCHEL (WOX2) gene expression during induction of somatic embryogenesis from apical shoot buds of mature trees of Pinus roxburghii

This study highlights for the first time the expression of transcription factor, WOX2(WUSCHEL homeobox 2) in the embryogenic tissue derived from the apical shoot buds of mature trees of 3 genotypes of P. roxburghii. Therefore, PrWOX2 could be used as a potential molecular signature for the identification of embryogenic cultures during the early development of somatic embryos in conifers. On the other hand, the non-embryogenic tissue of shoot bud cultures which were initiated without cold treatment (control) failed to showthe expression of WOX2. This clearly demonstrates the role of WOX2 in the somatic embryogenesis pathway and might be directly related to the stress conditions

Resurgence of whitefish in trawl landings of Mangalore

Lactarius lactarius, commonly known as false trevally is exploited mainly by trawlers from the inshore waters (5-30 m depth) along the Karnataka coast. Bottom-set gillnets and purseseines also land minor quantities of whitefish, besides the indigenous gears operated during monsoon. The average annual production of false travelly from multiday trawls operated along Mangalore coast remained at 416 t during the period from 2000 to 2002. A declining trend in the fishery was noticed since the year 2000 consequent to reduction in catch rates and the production reached an all-time low of 117 t in 2004. Thereafter, the catch rates in multiday trawl improved significantly from 0.09 kgh–1 in 2004 to an annual average of 0.33 kgh–1 in 2008 (Fig. 1). During the year, 50% of the annual whitefish landing was observed in October- November months, when the catch rates increased from 0.6 to 0.8 kgh–1

Journey of a single cell to a plantlet via in vitro cloning mature trees of conifers

During cloning of mature conifers, isolated somatic cells from apical meristematic tissue under any external stress conidions of cold\heat or chemical are induced to form a somatic embryo. This review paper highlights the difference between embryogenesis patterns in angiosperms and gymnosperms and updates information on the current progress made in the cloning of mature trees of conifers. Insights gained through these systems  has already lead to the development of cloning methodologies that could aid in reprogramming apical meristematic cells of recalcitrant mature conifers for clonal forestry