Use of a colloidal solution of metal and metal oxide-containing nanoparticles as fertilizer for increasing soybean productivity

Since the availability of micronutrients in agricultural soil are strongly depended on changes in soil characteristics, microfertilizers are one of the most effective means of influencing crop productivity and product quality. The use of nanoparticles of metals compensates for the loss of microelements, increases the stress tolerance of plants, both of which improve the quality of the final product. The aim of the research was to study the characteristics of a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ag, Fe) using X-ray diffraction to estimate the prospects of using them in agrotechnology. The objectives of the study included optimizing the method for treating plants and determining effective concentrations of metal nanoparticles and their composition, combined with traditional fertilizers (NPK), for enhancing soybean productivity. The objects of the study were varieties of soybean recommended for the forest-steppe ecoregion of Ukraine: ultra-early and early maturing Annushka and Ustya, respectively. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of using of a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles as fertilizer due to its properties (phase composition, size) in agricultural technologies for soybean, which improves the productivity of this crop

Redistribution of elements of metals in plant tissues under treatment by non-ionic colloidal solution of biogenic metal nanoparticles

The content of metal elements in plant tissues of 10-day wheat seedlings after seed pre-treatment and foliar treatment with non-ionic colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) was determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. It was shown that metal nanoparticles due to their physical properties (nanoscale and uncharged state) were capable of penetrating rapidly into plant cells and optimizing plant metabolic processes at the early stages of growth and development

Short communication: Changes of compatible solutes content in Triticum aestivum and Triticum dicoccum seedlings in response to drought stress

Saabunud / Received 30.07.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 24.09.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 24.09.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Oleksandr Smirnov e-mail: [email protected] influence of drought stress modelling by polyethene glycol (PEG) on water status, total soluble protein, proline and carbo-hydrates content in the roots and leaves tissues of three drought resistance wheat genotypes – Triticum aestivum L. (Podolianka, Favorytka) and Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (Holikovska) have been studied. Tested varieties of bread wheat and emmer wheat presented the resilience-aniso-hydric strategy for water balance regulation retaining a high level of relative water content, great variability in organic solutes with osmo-protective properties (total soluble protein, total carbohydrates and free proline) accumulation and retaining the level of low molecular weight proteins in response to drought with noticeable distinctions amid the varieties. However, drought stress increased the efficiency of accumu-lation of osmoprotectants either protein or carbohydrate nature in all three tested varieties of wheat seedlings

Agar gel phenotyping of root traits as rapid and sensitive assay of wheat seedlings response to edaphic factors : on example of cadmium

Saabunud / Received 14.05.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 15.09.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 15.09.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Oleksandr Smirnov [email protected] influence of different concentrations of cadmium on root elongation, exudative activity of roots and seminal root angle of two wheat genotypes: common bread wheat – Triticum aestivum L. (cv. 'Favorytka') and emmer wheat – Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (cv. 'Holikovska') have been studied in the germination stage. Rapid changes in morphofunctional traits upon first three days of exposure to cadmium on early stages of growth have been studied on phenotyping plates with 25, 50 and 100 μM addition to agar-acid/base indicator medium. Significant inhibition of root elongation, exudative root activity and changes in seminal root angle were observed. Exposure to the highest Cd concentration led to a decrease in primal root length by 50%, decrease in root exudative activity by 88% and decrease in seminal root angle by 24 degrees in T. aestivum compared to a decrease by 12%, 83% and 17 degrees in T. dicoccum. Unlike root growth retardation, a decrease in exudative activity was observed on all three Cd concentrations. The root growth performance at starting stage of seedlings ontogenesis proposed as an express and sensitive phenotyping test method for determining plant response to edaphic stressors by cadmium toxicity example

Changes of morphofunctional traits of Triticum aestivum and Triticum dicoccum seedlings caused by polyethylene glycol-modeling drought

Wheat genus belongs to the main grain crops in Ukraine and in the world. An important element of its cultivation technology, which affects productivity, is the use of high yield varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. Therefore, the aim of a study was evaluation of polyethylene glycol-modeling drought stress adaptive responses of different varieties of wheat germs (Triticum aestivum and Triticum dicoccum) on such parameters as water shortages, relative water content, roots damage membranes and dehydrogenase activity and photosynthetic pigments content. Studied varieties of common bred wheat and emmer wheat presented resilience-anisohydric response maintaining high relative water content, increasing of root length / shoot length ratio and maintaining the ratio of photosynthetic pigments in response to drought with marked differences among the varieties. According to the result of the research Holikovska variety (Triticum dicoccum) is the most drought- resistant variety which makes it promising for use in breeding for drought tolerance. Because of resilience-anisohydric behaviour patterns might be the beneficial strategy for growing under drought stress conditions

Remodeling of the composition of the membrane’s lipids of buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) under conditions of phosphorous deficiency and seed bacterization with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms

This paper presents research results on the sensitivity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) inoculated with phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) to phosphorus deficiency using the transformation of major photosynthetic tissues membrane lipids as the indicator. The analysis of glyco- and phospholipids performed has revealed the plants’ ability to react to a deficit in phosphorus with the selective accumulation of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) along with a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Pre-sowing seed bacterization with PSM has balanced out the negative impact of a phosphorus deficiency on plants by stabilizing the PG content and reducing the difference in the PG/SQDG ratio

Photosynthetic response of some Triticum cultivars to the combined influence of nanofertilizers and water deficit

The effects of water deficit modelling by polyethylene glycol (PEG), metal nanoparticles (NPs) and their combined action on water status, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigments composition in the leaves of three drought tolerant wheat genotypes – Triticum aestivum L. (Trypilska and Favorytka cultivars) and Triticum dicoccum Schrank. (cv. Holikovska), have been studied. Water deficit, induced by PEG, as well as the treatment with metal NPs (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) and their combined action, showed no effects on the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in dark-adapted leaves of studied plants. However, water deficit decreased the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv ′/ Fm′) in light-adapted leaves of the Favorytka cultivar. The increase of chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching (qP) and actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (φPSII) levels, the decrease in non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qN) were observed in Favorytka and Holikovska cultivars under the combined action of water stress and NPs treatment. According to photosynthetic pigments composition, the NPs treatment of wheat plants, grown on medium with PEG, did not bear an additional pressure on the seedlings. However, the NPs treatment did not decrease the negative effect of the simulated water deficit of the cv. Favorytka seedlings

Oxidation Stress is Adaptative Reaction Inductor of Winter Wheat Plants

Hydrogen peroxide impact upon the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), development of lipid peroxidation processes (LP), photosynthetic pigment content and productivity in conditions of field experiment were studied for winter wheat varieties of different ecotypes, namely Stolychna, Polisska 90 – forest-steppe, and Scala-steppe. It was found that hydrogen peroxide action for 24 h induced LP activity, whereas antioxidative enzyme activity dropped at two varieties. Exception was the Stolychna plants that showed decrease in all indexes studied after treatment. In the next phase of ontogenesis (flowering), however, SOD activity increased both in the plants of Polisska 90 and Scala, while CAT and LP activities were close to control in all plants. The data suggest that treatment by hydrogen peroxide stimulated the formation of general unspecific resistance of plants and increased the grain productivity of winter wheat varieties studied