Method of Text Content Development in Creation of Professionally Oriented Online Courses for Oil and Gas Specialists

The article analyzes the experience of text content development for an online course created for oil and gas professionals. The article features a critical review of the current situation in online systems of distance learning, establishes principles of creating professionally oriented language curricula, as well as requirements to the functionality of online platforms that enable creation of such courses and their delivery to the audience. The work provides a detailed analysis of text content development principles and criteria. It presents three stages of developing text content for the first module of a professionally oriented online course

Transcriptome Comparison of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Genes Expressed in Cultured and Lichenized Conditions of Cladonia rangiferina

Lichen secondary metabolites are natural products of high medicinal and industrial value, which are produced by the fungal symbiont (mycobiont) of lichens in response to environmental changes. It has been shown that the cultured mycobiont is capable of secondary metabolite production, specifically polyketides, and polyketide production is affected by the presence or absence of the algal or cyanobacterial symbiont (photobiont). Identification of polyketide synthases encoding genes is, in turn, key for understanding the regulation of secondary metabolite synthesis. Using a previously established method of resynthesis for Cladonia rangiferina as well as the sequenced and assembled genome of that species, we compared transcriptomes of C. rangiferina cultured alone and resynthesized with the photobiont (Asterochloris glomerata) to reveal transcriptionally active genes in secondary metabolic gene clusters, as well some of the neighbouring genes, induced by the presence of the photobiont and events of lichenization. The results identify potential candidates for PKS genes in C. rangiferina, identify potential neighbouring genes in the PKS cluster, and offer insights into further research. The study provides preliminary insights into the activity of several identified biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) as well as interactions of genes within those clusters

Accounting Education: Current State and Prospects of Domestic Higher Education

Introduction: the problem of reforming the higher economic education in the field of training accountants and auditors is currently very relevant. Of particular interest in this context is the study of the current state and prospects for the development of the accountant profession and the tasks that face a modern accounting education. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of preparation of accounting staff and the rationale for proposals for the formation of an educational trajectory in the field of training accountants and auditors, based on the priority of long life education, instead of education for life. Materials and Methods: during the research, general and special methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, comparative and statistical methods were used. Results: we examined the current trends in the development of accounting education around the world and analysed the main differences. With the help of a random survey of students and employers, positive and negative aspects of the training programmes were revealed. The concept of transition to the accounting education throughout life (lifelong learning) is substantiated. Discussion and Conclusions: the purpose of accountants’ education is to nurture highly qualified professionals. This goal determines the direction and form of the learning process. The authors of the article give recommendations for improving accounting education in coordination with state programmes and professional requirements

Platelet Surface-Associated Activation and Secretion-Mediated Inhibition of Coagulation Factor XII

<div><p>Coagulation factor XII (fXII) is important for arterial thrombosis, but its physiological activation mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we elucidated the role of platelets and platelet-derived material in fXII activation. FXII activation was only observed upon potent platelet stimulation (with thrombin, collagen-related peptide, or calcium ionophore, but not ADP) accompanied by phosphatidylserine exposure and was localised to the platelet surface. Platelets from three patients with grey platelet syndrome did not activate fXII, which suggests that platelet-associated fXII-activating material might be released from α-granules. FXII was preferentially bound by phosphotidylserine-positive platelets and annexin V abrogated platelet-dependent fXII activation; however, artificial phosphotidylserine/phosphatidylcholine microvesicles did not support fXII activation under the conditions herein. Confocal microscopy using DAPI as a poly-phosphate marker did not reveal poly-phosphates associated with an activated platelet surface. Experimental data for fXII activation indicates an auto-inhibition mechanism (<i>k</i>_i/<i>k</i>_a = 180 molecules/platelet). Unlike surface-associated fXII activation, platelet secretion inhibited activated fXII (fXIIa), particularly due to a released C1-inhibitor. Platelet surface-associated fXIIa formation triggered contact pathway-dependent clotting in recalcified plasma. Computer modelling suggests that fXIIa inactivation was greatly decreased in thrombi under high blood flow due to inhibitor washout. Combined, the surface-associated fXII activation and its inhibition in solution herein may be regarded as a flow-sensitive regulator that can shift the balance between surface-associated clotting and plasma-dependent inhibition, which may explain the role of fXII at high shear and why fXII is important for thrombosis but negligible in haemostasis.</p></div

Comparison of fXII activation by platelets from a normal donor and GPS patients.

<p><b>(A)</b> Comparison of the fXIIa-generating capacities for A23187-activated platelets (at 2×10⁷/mL) from a normal donor (labelled “normal plt”) and three grey platelet syndrome patients (labelled GPS-1, GPS-2, and GPS-3, respectively). <b>(B)</b> Flow-cytometry dot plots demonstrating the significant PS exposure in the analysed platelet preparations upon activation with A23187.</p

The roles of the platelet surface, MPs, and secretion in fXII activation and contact coagulation.

<p><b>(A)</b> The effect of platelets and/or MP removal on fXIIa formation in 20% plasma (n = 3). After activation, the platelets were diluted to 4×10⁶/mL and centrifuged at 300 g for platelet precipitation and again at 16,000 g for MP precipitation [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116665#pone.0116665.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>]. <b>(B)</b> The effects of 200 μM calpeptin and MDL 28170 on fXIIa formation (in 20% plasma) by A23187-activated platelets after platelet secretion removal. <b>(C)</b> Clotting caused by A23187-activated, secretion-depleted platelets in recalcified plasma (n = 3). A23187-activated, secretion-depleted platelets (100 μL, 6×10⁷/mL) were supplemented with 500 μL of 90% recalcified plasma (see “<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116665#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>”), and clotting was measured as an increase in optical density at 405 nm; 50 nM fVIIai was used, and CTI was used at 200 μg/mL. <b>(D)</b> Retention of fXIIa by A23187-activated secretion-depleted platelets (n = 3). The platelets were activated with A23187 for 30 min and washed free of platelet secretion (see “<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116665#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a>”). Next, 2×10⁸/mL platelets were incubated with 20% chelated plasma for 1 h before washing again to separate the platelets from the plasma and from soluble fXIIa. The activity of bound fXIIa was estimated using 200 μM S2302 for platelets at 2×10⁷/mL.</p