Znieczulenie do cięcia cesarskiego u pacjentek z choroba neurologiczną – 10 lat doświadczeń

Objectives: Regional anesthesia is considered a ‘gold standard’ for cesarean sections. However, it is very often contraindicated in patients with coexistent neurological diseases. This article attempts to review the specific concerns for administration of anesthesia for cesarean section posed by spinal diseases, epilepsy, sclerosis multiplex and others. Materials and methods: We present 85 cases of parturients with pre-existing neurological diseases, who received anesthesia for caesarean section at the First Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care in the last 10 years. We compared those cases with the medical literature. Results: We successfully used general as well as regional anesthesia. The decision about the anesthetic technique was based on the neurological state of each patient. Conclusion: No guidelines for anesthesiologist concerning the best anesthetic technique for patients with neurological diseases have been designed so far. The choice of the safest method is made individually and depends on a variety of factors.Cel pracy: Znieczulenie regionalne jest „złotym standardem” do zabiegu cięcia cesarskiego. Jest ono jednak często przeciwskazane u pacjentek z towarzyszącym schorzeniem neurologicznym. Celem pracy była analiza zagadnień związanych z wyborem metody znieczulenia do cięcia cesarskiego u pacjentek ze schorzeniami takimi jak choroby kręgosłupa, padaczka, stwardnienie rozsiane itp. Materiał i metody: Przedstawiono przypadki 85 rodzących z udokumentowaną chorobą neurologiczną, znieczulonych do cięcia cesarskiego w I Klinice Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii WUM w ciągu 10 lat. Przypadki te porównano z dostępnym piśmiennictwem medycznym. Wyniki: U znieczulanych do cięcia cesarskiego pacjentek z powodzeniem stosowano zarówno znieczulenie regionalne jak i ogólne. Decyzja o rodzaju znieczulenia podejmowana była indywidualnie, w zależności od stanu neurologicznego pacjentki. Wnioski: Dotychczas nie opracowano wytycznych dotyczących wyboru rodzaju znieczulenia pacjentów ze schorzeniem neurologicznym. Wybór najbezpieczniejszej metody znieczulenia podejmowany jest indywidualnie i zależy od wielu dodatkowych czynników

A cap 0-dependent mRNA capture method to analyze the yeast transcriptome

Analysis of the protein coding transcriptome by the RNA sequencing requires either enrichment of the desired fraction of coding transcripts or depletion of the abundant non-coding fraction consisting mainly of rRNA. We propose an alternative mRNA enrichment strategy based on the RNA-binding properties of the human IFIT1, an antiviral protein recognizing cap 0 RNA. Here, we compare for Saccharomyces cerevisiae an IFIT1-based mRNA pull-down with yeast targeted rRNA depletion by the RiboMinus method. IFIT1-based RNA capture depletes rRNA more effectively, producing high quality RNA-seq data with an excellent coverage of the protein coding transcriptome, while depleting cap-less transcripts such as mitochondrial or some non-coding RNAs. We propose IFIT1 as a cost effective and versatile tool to prepare mRNA libraries for a variety of organisms with cap 0 mRNA ends, including diverse plants, fungi and eukaryotic microbes

The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review

This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented

Antibacterial, Antiradical Potential and Phenolic Compounds of Thirty-One Polish Mushrooms.

Among many sources of natural bioactive substances, mushrooms constitute a huge and almost unexplored group. Fungal compounds have been repeatedly reported to exert biological effects which have prompted their use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was analysis of chemical composition and biological activity of 31 wild growing mushroom species (including saprophytic and parasitic) from Poland.Qualitative and quantitative LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of fourteen phenolic acids in the mushrooms analysed was performed. Moreover, total phenolic content was determined by the modified Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antioxidative activity of ethanolic extracts towards DPPH• free radical was examined. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. luteus) and Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis) microbial strains was analyzed.As a result, the first such broad report on polyphenolic composition, antiradical and antimicrobial potential of wild growing Polish mushrooms was developed. Mushroom extracts were found to contain both benzoic (protocatechuic, 4-OH-benzoic, vanillic, syringic) and cinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic). Total phenolic content in mushrooms ranged between 2.79 and 53.13 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dried extract in Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum and Fomes fomentarius, respectively. Fungi showed much differentiated antiradical activity, from highly active F. fomentarius to poorly effective Russula fragilis (IC50 1.39 to 120.54 mg per mg DPPH•, respectively). A quite considerable relationship between phenolic content and antiradical activity has been demonstrated. Mushrooms varied widely in antimicrobial potential (MIC from 0.156 to 5 mg/ml). Generally, a slightly higher activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative strains was observed. This is the first study concerning the chemical composition and biological activity of the majority of investigated species

Mechanistic, Computational Study of Alkene-Diazene Heterofunctional Cross-Metathesis Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes

Density functional theory calculations were used to study the cross-metathesis reaction between diazenes and alkenes catalyzed by 17 different ruthenium complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that such a transformation is possible for properly designed catalysts. The highest estimated reaction rates were predicted for first-generation Hoveyda–Grubbs and indenylidene catalysts. In both cases, the energy barriers of the limiting step of the entire catalytic cycle were predicted to be significantly lower compared to all other studied catalysts and suggest that such a process is possible under mild temperature conditions. Moreover, to better understand the still unclear mechanism of azo metathesis, competing reactions that may take place in the reaction mixture were also analyzed. It was found that the association of an imine molecule instead of an olefin by the active ruthenium complex in the propagation part of the catalytic cycle may compete with diazene-alkene cross-azo metathesis

Mechanistic, Computational Study of Alkene-Diazene Heterofunctional Cross-Metathesis Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes

Density functional theory calculations were used to study the cross-metathesis reaction between diazenes and alkenes catalyzed by 17 different ruthenium complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that such a transformation is possible for properly designed catalysts. The highest estimated reaction rates were predicted for first-generation Hoveyda–Grubbs and indenylidene catalysts. In both cases, the energy barriers of the limiting step of the entire catalytic cycle were predicted to be significantly lower compared to all other studied catalysts and suggest that such a process is possible under mild temperature conditions. Moreover, to better understand the still unclear mechanism of azo metathesis, competing reactions that may take place in the reaction mixture were also analyzed. It was found that the association of an imine molecule instead of an olefin by the active ruthenium complex in the propagation part of the catalytic cycle may compete with diazene-alkene cross-azo metathesis

XX/XY Chimerism in Internal Genitalia of a Virilized Heifer

Five DSD heifers underwent genetic analysis in the present study. We cytogenetically analyzed in vitro cultured leukocytes and searched for SRY, AMELX/AMELY and ZFX/ZFY genes in leukocytes and hair follicles, finding that four of the studied heifers were freemartins (XX/XY leukocyte chimerism). The fifth case had an underdeveloped vulva localized ventrally and cranially to the mammary gland, a normal female sex chromosome complement (60,XX) in the leukocytes, and a lack of Y-chromosome-derived genes in the leukocytes and hair follicles. Postmortem anatomical examination of this heifer revealed the presence of normal ovaries with follicles, uterus, and oviducts, but molecular detection of the SRY, ZFX, ZFY,AMELX, and AMELY genes in these organs indicated the presence of a cell line carrying the Y chromosome. Further analysis of twelve microsatellite markers revealed the presence of additional variants at six loci in DNA samples derived from the reproductive organs; XX/XY chimerism was thus suspected in these samples. On the basis of the detection of AMELY (Y-linked) versus AMELX (X-linked) and SOX9 (autosomal) versus AMELY genes by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), the Y/X and Y/autosome ratios were evaluated; they indicated the presence of XX and XY cell lines in the reproductive tissues. Our study showed that XX/XY chimerism can be present in the internal reproductive organs of the virilized heifers with a normal female set of sex chromosomes (60,XX) and a lack of Y-chromosome-derived genes in the leukocytes. The etiology of this phenomenon remains unknown

Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Thunb.—Composition and Chemopreventive Potential

The huge health-beneficial potential of polysaccharides encourages the search for novel sources and applications of these compounds. One poorly explored source of polysaccharides is the rose. The content and biological activity of polysaccharides in rose organs is an almost completely unaddressed topic, therefore, polysaccharide-rich extracts (crude polysaccharides, CPLs) from petals, leaves, hips, and achenes of Rosa rugosa Thunb. were studied for their composition and the influence on various cellular processes involved in the development of cancer and other civilization diseases. The study revealed the presence of water-soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides (including &#946;-glucans) and protein-polysaccharide conjugates in rose organs. Rose hips were found to be the most abundant source of polysaccharides. Different polysaccharide-rich extracts showed the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, hyaluronidase), a radical scavenging effect (against DPPH&#8226; and ABTS&#8226;+), and antiproliferative activity (in the A549 lung and SW480 colon cancer cell lines) in in vitro assays. Therefore, rose crude polysaccharides are very promising and can potentially be used as natural chemopreventive agents

Promising Potential of Crude Polysaccharides from <i>Sparassis crispa</i> against Colon Cancer: An In Vitro Study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the beneficial potential of crude polysaccharides from S. crispa (CPS) in one of the most common cancer types—colon cancer. The determination of the chemical composition of CPS has revealed that it contains mostly carbohydrates, while proteins or phenolics are present only in trace amounts. 1H NMR and GC–MS methods were used for the structural analysis of CPS. Biological activity including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of CPS was investigated. CPS was found to be non-toxic to normal human colon epithelial CCD841 CoN cells. Simultaneously, they destroyed membrane integrity as well as inhibited the proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines: Caco-2, LS180 and HT-29. Antioxidant activity was determined by various methods and revealed the moderate potential of CPS. The enzymatic assays revealed no influence of CPS on xanthine oxidase and the inhibition of catalase activity. Moreover, pro-inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 or lipooxygenase were inhibited by CPS. Therefore, it may be suggested that S. crispa is a valuable part of the regular human diet, which may contribute to a reduction in the risk of colon cancer, and possess promising activities encouraging further studies regarding its potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agent in more invasive stages of this type of cancer

Crude Polysaccharide Fraction from <i>Rosa rugosa</i> Thunb. Root—Chemical Characterisation, Enzyme Inhibitory, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity

Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) plantations can provide industrial amounts of roots, which contain many biologically active metabolites. Here, we report the first studies of the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of a crude polysaccharide fraction obtained from R. rugosa roots (CPL-Rx). It was found that the roots contained water-soluble and -insoluble sugars, including a large amount of β-glucans (12.95 ± 0.30 g/100 g). The water-soluble fraction was found to be mostly composed of sugars (28.94 ± 0.01%), uronic acids (2.61 ± 0.41%), and polyphenols (4.55 ± 0.12%). High-performance capillary electrophoresis analysis showed that glucose was the prevalent monosaccharide (64.31%), followed by a smaller amount of galactose (11.77%), fructose (11.36%), and arabinose (4.27%). SDS-PAGE followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of unbound protein identified as protein plastid transcriptionally active 14-Like. CPL-Rx was found to inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and hyaluronidase) and to have antioxidant potential in the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (0.302 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g), DPPH radical scavenging effect (EC50 3.92 ± 0.12 mg/mg DPPH•) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (0.134 ± 0.10 mmol Trolox/g). It also exerted a slight antiproliferative effect on SW480 (colon) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines. Our research provides the first insights into the composition and pharmacological application of crude polysaccharides from rugosa rose roots. It suggests that CPL-Rx may potentially be used for cosmetic and bio-medical purposes, especially as an antihyaluronidase or chemopreventive agent