Blood oxidative stress and antioxidant defense profile of White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks reflect the degree of environmental pollution

Oxidative stress biomarkers in the blood of White Stork Ciconia ciconia chicks were analyzed during their development in nests in polluted and control environments. The control, relatively pure, environment was the village of Kłopot, with no industrial plants within a radius of 150 km. Blood samples were also collected in two polluted areas, including the suburban village of Czarnowo, located 20 km from the city of Zielona Góra (southwestern Poland) and an area near the town of Głogów, where a large Copper Manufacture is situated. We measured two markers of oxidative stress (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and stable 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine derivates of the oxidative modified carbonyl groups levels), as well as antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, ceruloplasmin and total antioxidant capacity levels) in the blood samples. White Stork chicks from different environments are probably significantly susceptible to environmental conditions. In the unpolluted area, chicks showed lower lipid and protein oxidation levels, indicating that the variation in the pollution-induced oxidative stress among areas is dependent of environmental loads. Increased oxidative stress biomarkers can modify antioxidant defenses in chicks from various environments, principally causing increased glutathione peroxidase activity in chicks from polluted regions. Therefore, the use of oxidative stress biomarkers to assess the health and condition of chicks will be useful in future studies aiming to identify miscellaneous environmental loading

The Effectiveness of L-arginine in Clinical Conditions Associated with Hypoxia

The review summarises the data of the last 50 years on the effectiveness of the amino acid L-arginine in therapeutic practice in conditions accompanied by different-origin hypoxia. The aim of this review was to analyse the literature and our research data on the role of nitric oxide in the modulation of individual physiological reactivity to hypoxia. The review considers the possibility of eliminating methodological conflicts in the case of L-arginine, which can be solved by taking into account individual physiological reactivity (or the hypoxia resistance factor). Considerable attention is paid to genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia and conditions of adaptation in different models. The article presents data on the clinical effectiveness of L-arginine in cardiovascular system diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, etc.) and stress disorders associated with these diseases. The review presents a generalised analysis of techniques, data on L-arginine use by athletes, and the ambiguous role of NO in the physiology and pathology of hypoxic states shown via nitric oxide synthesis. Data on the protective effects of adaptation in the formation of individual high reactivity in sportsmen are demonstrated. The review demonstrates a favourable effect of supplementation with L-arginine and its application depending on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation processes and biochemical indices in groups of individuals with low and high capacity of adaptation to hypoxia. In individuals with high initial anti-hypoxic reserves, these favourable effects are achieved by the blockade of NO-dependent biosynthesis pathways. Therefore, the methodological tasks of physiological experiments and the therapeutic consequences of treatment should include a component depending on the basic level of physiological reactivity

A Comparison of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Serum of Healthy Polish Dairy Goats with Those Naturally Infected with Small Ruminant Lentivirus in the Course of Lactation

The present study examines the effects of natural infection by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in the two most common goat breeds in Poland, i.e., Polish white improved and polish fawn improved. It focuses on biomarkers of oxidative stress, oxidatively modified proteins and antioxidant defenses, ceruloplasmin level as an acute phase protein, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the goat serum. It was conducted on 24 goats divided into two equal groups: one SRLV-seropositive (SRLV-SP) and another SRLV-seronegative (SRLV-SN). Both groups were identical in terms of breed and parity. Despite infection, the SRLV-SP goats demonstrated no symptoms of caprine arthritis-encephalitis. In addition, the SRLV-SP goats did not reveal pronounced dysfunctions in oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum compared to the SRLV-SN animals. However, both groups demonstrated elevated levels of the aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins during the lactation period. In addition, both groups retained a high total antioxidant capacity in serum despite the decrease of enzyme antioxidant defenses throughout the 200-day lactation period

Modulators of KATP channels in the prevention of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity improvement in the rat heart with different resistance to hypoxia upon cobalt treatment

Introduction: The main goal of the study was to investigate the effect of KATP channel modulators on development of oxidative stress in the heart of rats showing different resistance to hypoxia

Oxidative stress biomarkers in different tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Disinfectant-CIP formulated with peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide

The aim of study was to determine the effects of exposure to the product DEZYNFEKTANT-CIP (Eng. - Disinfectant-CIP), which is formulated with peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, on oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and the carbonyl content of oxidatively modified proteins) and antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity) in muscle, gill, hepatic, and cardiac tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). LPO and carbonyl contents changed with tissue type. Exposure to Disinfectant-CIP led to a significant decrease in LPO in muscle tissues and carbonyl content in muscle and gill tissues. The inhibition of SOD and CAT activity in muscle, hepatic, and cardiac tissues was observed probably because of increased oxidative stress during disinfection; however, hepatic and cardiac GPx activity increased in an attempt to counteract oxidative stress. We suggest that oxidative stress during the oxidation of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide could be counteracted by the antioxidant system in trout tissues. Correlative analysis between oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant defense confirms the pivotal role of SOD and CAT against CIP-induced oxidative stres

Liver antioxidant and aerobic status improves after metformin and melatonin administration in a rat model of high-fat diet and mammary carcinogenesis

Oxidative stress is involved in the development of various cancers. In the present study the effect of long-term administration of peroral antidiabetic metformin and pineal hormone melatonin on liver antioxidant and aerobic status in female Sprague-Dawley rats carrying mammary tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was evaluated. Both substances were administered in a preventive/curative manner (12 days before and 16 weeks after the carcinogen application). Carcinogen administration induced oxidative stress: the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS) as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in liver increased as well as the level of oxidatively modified protein content (OMP, aldehyde and ketone derivates). Metformin administration restored succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and associated ROS production and OMP content to the level of intact rats, with predominant activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). Melatonin alone and in combination with metformin decreased TBARS content too. OMP content decreased in all groups receiving chemoprevention. The rise in total antioxidant capacity after melatonin and particularly metformin and melatonin combination might result from the initiation of anaerobic metabolism and increasing SOD, GR and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Long-term administration of metformin and melatonin exerts antioxidant properties in liver, especially in combination.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Właściwości przeciwbakteryjne olejku glistnikowego oraz ekstraktów z korzeni i łodyg glistnika jaskółcze ziele (<i>Chelidonium majus</i> L.) zebranego z północnej części Pomorza

A convincing number of studies indicating that alkaloids such as chelidonine and sanguinarine together with other secondary metabolites exhibit potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties prompted us to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of Chelidonium majus L., a representative of the Papaveraceae family, against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC® 29213™) (mecA negative, Oxacillin sensitive, weak β-lactamase producing strain), S. aureus NCTC® 12493™ (mecA positive, Methicillin-resistant, EUCAST QC strain for cefoxitin), Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™), E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 35218™). In the current work, we decided to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanolic extracts derived from stalks and roots of C. majus, as well as commercial 100% natural fatty celandine oil (Botanica, Russia) against different S. aureus and E. coli strains. Fresh stalks and roots were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 96% ethanol (in proportion of 1:19, w/w) at room temperature. The extracts were then filtered and investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar disk diffusion assay. The extracts obtained from roots and stalks of C. majus and commercial natural fatty celandine oil exhibited different antibacterial activities against tested strains. The ethanolic extracts of C. majus revealed weak antibacterial activity against both E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 25922™) and E. coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 35218™) strains. The highest antibacterial activity was demonstrated for stalk extracts of C. majus against S. aureus NCTC® 12493™ compared to the control samples. We observed similar trends when measuring the zones of growth inhibition according to S. aureus subsp. aureus Rosenbach (ATCC® 29213™) strain. Since the antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal plants varies according to the accumulation of secondary metabolites (i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc.), it is not surprising that differences in this efficacy have been noted even using samples taken from the same plant but different parts of the plant (stalks, roots). The antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts obtained from stalks and roots of greater celandine can be attributed to specific compounds or a combination of compounds. The current study lays the foundation for future research to confirm the potential use of C. majus as a candidate for the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus and E. coli in human and veterinary medicine

Oksydacja lipidów i białek w tkance mięśniowej pstraga tęczowego po inkubacji <i>in vitro</i> z ekstraktami z glistnika jaskółcze ziele (<i>Chelidonium majus</i> L.) zebranego z wiejskich i miejskich terenów Pomorza

Consistent with our previous studies, we continue to evaluate the antioxidant potential of representatives belonging to the Papaveraceae family collected from the coastal region of northern Poland using different cell models, namely the muscle tissue of rainbow trout. Therefore, in the current study, oxidative stress biomarkers [2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl derivatives of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were used for evaluating the antioxidant activity of extracts derived from stalks and roots of Chelidonium majus L. (CM) at final dose 2.5 mg/mL. The muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) was used in the current study. The supernatant of the muscle tissue was used to incubate with extracts derived from stalks and roots of CM (in a ratio of 39:1, final concentration 2.5 mg/mL) at room temperature. The control samples (muscle tissue) were incubated with 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.2) (in a ratio of 39:1). The results of the current study revealed that extracts derived from stalks and roots of CM exhibited cytotoxic effects on cellular structures of muscle tissue by increasing the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased of the total antioxidant capacity. These results suggest the possibility of using CM extracts at a final dose of 2.5 mg/mL for pro-oxidant effects and warrant further studies to evaluate their therapeutic potential. The levels of aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of OMP were significantly decreased after in vitro incubation with the extracts derived from stalks and roots of CM collected only from rural agglomerations. Screening of plants for other biological activities, including antioxidant activity, is essential and may be effective in the search for preventive measures in the pathogenesis of some diseases, as well as in the prevention and treatment of some disorders in human and veterinary medicine