Primers designed to amplify <i>GYPB</i> exons 2, 4, 5 and 6 by PCR.

<p>Primers designed to amplify <i>GYPB</i> exons 2, 4, 5 and 6 by PCR.</p

Demographic characteristics, ancestry estimations and <i>GYPB</i>^*<i>S/s</i> genotype frequencies in cases and controls, tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and association between <i>GYPB</i>^*<i>S/s</i> genotype frequency and infection with malaria.

<p>*SD, standard deviation.</p><p>**Association persists (<i>P</i><0.02) if age, gender and European, African or Native American ancestry are included as covariates.</p

Summary of <i>GYPB</i> diversity indexes and tests of neutrality based on re-sequencing data of a subset of cases and controls and their partitions in S and s alleles (rs7683365) of the Ss blood group antigens.

<p>*The samples of cases and controls were selected so the proportion of SS, Ss and ss genotypes observed in the total set of cases and controls was matching.</p>a<p><i>P</i><0.02,</p>b<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>c<p><i>P</i><0.001.</p

Linkage disequilibrium among common SNPs in <i>GYPB</i>.

<p>Linkage disequilibrium among common SNPs in <i>GYPB</i> was estimated in both study groups: the controls (a) and in the cases, malaria infected individuals from Brazilian Amazon (b). Underlined SNPs are non-synonymous substitutions: rs7683365 is the SNP determining S/s antigens; rs1132783 is a Ser/Thr polymorphism (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016123#pone-0016123-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>).</p

<i>GYPB</i> haplotype frequencies determined on the re-sequencing panel on the basis of common SNPs (MAF>0.05).

a<p>SNP accounting for S (Thr) and s (Met) phenotypes.</p>b<p>Ser(G)/Thr(C).</p>c<p>The modal haplotype in each group is underlined.</p><p>Non-synonymous substitutions are underlined.</p

Estimation of admixture using Ancestry Informative Markers genotyping.

<p>Individual European, African and Native American ancestry were inferred from 60 ancestry informative markers in cases (magenta) and controls (yellow). Admixture was inferred by comparison with individuals from the putative parental populations: Europeans (red), African/African American (green) and Native Americans (blue). Admixture was estimated using the software Structure and average admixture over cases and controls is shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0016123#pone-0016123-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p